hull

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hull

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• IPA^(key): /hʌl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌl

From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”).

Compare Dutch hul (“hood”), German Hülle (“cover, wrap”), Hülse (“hull”); also Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

hull (plural hulls)

1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   Synonyms: peel, husk, shell

2. Any covering.

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   Synonyms: peel, husk, shell, shuck

   She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.

From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.

hull (plural hulls)

2. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.

   Synonym: (of a winged aircraft) fuselage

   • 1627, Iohn Smith , “How to Build a Ship with the Definitions of All the Principall Names of Euery Part of her Principall Timbers, also How They are Fixed One to Another, and the Reasons of Their Vse”, in A Sea Grammar, with the Plaine Exposition of Smiths Accidence for Young Sea-men, Enlarged. , London: Iohn Haviland, →OCLC, page 5:

     VVhen you haue berthed or brought her vp to the planks, vvhich are thoſe thicke timbers vvhich goeth fore and aft on each ſide, vvhereon doth lie the beames of the firſt Orlop, vvhich is the firſt floore to ſupport the plankes doth couer the Hovvle, thoſe are great croſſe timbers, that keepes the ſhip ſides aſunder, the maine beame is euer next the maine maſt,

   • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. , London: Henry Herringman, , →OCLC, stanza 60:

     Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.

3. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

   Synonym: span

   The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.

   holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 1, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes , book II, London: Val Simmes for Edward Blount , →OCLC:

     We goe not, but we are carried: as things that flote, now gliding gently, now hulling violently, according as the water is, either stormy or calme.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, , “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     Thus hulling in
     The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer
     Toward this remedy, whereupon we are
     Now present here together:

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, edited by Samuel Johnson, Christian Morals‎, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, published 1756, Part I, p. 8:

     In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.

2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
   • 1774, George Shelvocke, “The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World”, in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators‎, volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163:

     During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks

From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull.

hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullem, superlative kõige hullem)

1. crazy, mad

• hullik

Inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kulɜ-. Cognates include Finnish kulua (“to wear out, to get consumed”) and Komi-Zyrian гылавны (gylavny, “to fall, to drop, to collapse”).

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ulː

hull

1. (intransitive) to fall

   Synonym: esik

   Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)

   térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees

2. (intransitive, of tears) to flow
3. (intransitive, of hair) to fall out
4. (intransitive) to die (in large quantities)

   Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies.

• The traditional form is without -ik, but the variant with -ik is spreading, especially in reference to hair.
• This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

In archaic or literary style, the short forms (with no linking vowel) are (were) common in the past tense, as well as in the present-tense conditional (even if it is long otherwise):

(With verbal prefixes):

• hull in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Inherited from Old Norse hól, probably through Danish hul. Compare to English hole

• hol

hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

1. a hole

hull

1. imperative of hulle

• hòl (Nynorsk)

• “hull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Swedish huld, from Proto-Norse *ᚺᛟᛚᛞᚨ (*holda), from Proto-Germanic *huldą.

hull n

1. soft, superficial flesh (fat and muscle)

   nypa någon i hullet

   pinch someone's belly (for example)

   lägga på hullet

   get fatter ("lay on the flesh")

   fast/lös i hullet

   firm/loose in the flesh

• med hull och hår

• hull in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• hull in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• hull in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)