hun

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Translingual

Symbol

hun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Hungarian.

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hʌn/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Etymology 1

Noun

hun (plural huns)

  1. (informal) Alternative spelling of hon (affectionate abbreviation of honey)

Etymology 2

Short for Hungarian partridge.

Noun

hun (plural huns)

  1. A grey partridge.

Etymology 3

Noun

hun (plural huns)

  1. Alternative form of hoon (Indian gold coin)

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur.

Noun

hun m

  1. (Formazza) dog

References

Breton

Noun

hun ?

  1. sleep

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Hunni.

Pronunciation

Noun

hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)

  1. Hun

Related terms

Further reading

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse hón (she), from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᚾᚢ (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ (*hanaʀ) (= Danish han (he), Old Norse hann).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)

  1. (personal) she

See also

References

Noun

hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)

  1. female, she

Declension

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

hun (personal)

  1. The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
  2. (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.
Usage notes

The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.

In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:

  • Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
  • Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
  • Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)

When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:

  • Hij heeft ze verraden.
  • Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
  • Ik heb het ze gegeven.

For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun

hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)

  1. The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.
    Ken je hun broer?
    Do you know their brother?
Inflection

Related terms

Etymology 2

Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun

hun (personal)

  1. (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).
    Synonyms: zijlui, zijlieden
Usage notes
  • The use of hun as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands.
  • For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, zijlui or zijlieden can be used instead.

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of hun – see (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin Hunni.

Adjective

hun (not comparable)

  1. Hunnic, Hunnish (of or relating to the Huns)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative hun hunok
accusative hunt hunokat
dative hunnak hunoknak
instrumental hunnal hunokkal
causal-final hunért hunokért
translative hunná hunokká
terminative hunig hunokig
essive-formal hunként hunokként
essive-modal
inessive hunban hunokban
superessive hunon hunokon
adessive hunnál hunoknál
illative hunba hunokba
sublative hunra hunokra
allative hunhoz hunokhoz
elative hunból hunokból
delative hunról hunokról
ablative huntól hunoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
huné hunoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
hunéi hunokéi

Noun

hun (plural hunok)

  1. Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative hun hunok
accusative hunt hunokat
dative hunnak hunoknak
instrumental hunnal hunokkal
causal-final hunért hunokért
translative hunná hunokká
terminative hunig hunokig
essive-formal hunként hunokként
essive-modal
inessive hunban hunokban
superessive hunon hunokon
adessive hunnál hunoknál
illative hunba hunokba
sublative hunra hunokra
allative hunhoz hunokhoz
elative hunból hunokból
delative hunról hunokról
ablative huntól hunoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
huné hunoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
hunéi hunokéi
Possessive forms of hun
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. hunom hunjaim
2nd person sing. hunod hunjaid
3rd person sing. hunja hunjai
1st person plural hununk hunjaink
2nd person plural hunotok hunjaitok
3rd person plural hunjuk hunjaik

Etymology 2

From hol.

Adverb

hun

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of hol (where).
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ hun in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ hun in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

Further reading

  • (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (where ): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Chinese (MC hjwon).

Noun

hun 

  1. garden

Label

Etymology

Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu.

Noun

hun

  1. banana

References

  • Mosel, Ulrike (1980) Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (Pacific Linguistics; Series B, no. 73)‎, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN

Malay

Noun

hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)

  1. A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.

Mandarin

Romanization

hun (hun5hun0, Zhuyin ˙ㄏㄨㄣ)

  1. Nonstandard spelling of hūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of hún.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of hǔn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of hùn.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

hun

  1. Alternative form of hund (hundred)

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

Numeral

hun

  1. h-prothesized form of un

Mizo

Noun

hun

  1. time

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian hönj and West Frisian hân.

Noun

hun f (plural hunen)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) hand
    a rocht(er)/lacht(er) hun
    the right/left hand

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)

  1. she
Derived terms

See also

  • ho (Nynorsk)
  • hoe (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb

From Old Norse húnn (a die).

Alternative forms

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)

  1. back board

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

hun

From Old Norse húnn (bear cub), from Proto-Germanic *hūnaz.

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. a bear cub
    Synonym: bjørnunge

Etymology 2

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn
bakhunar

From Old Norse húnn (die).

Alternative forms

  • (since 2019) hon

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. back part of a log that might still be used as a plank

Etymology 3

From Old Norse húnar, húnir pl.

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. a Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe from Central Asia)
    Synonym: hunar

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 “hun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  2. ^ Language Council of Norway, Spelling decisions since 2012 (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.22.20)
  • “hun”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old Galician-Portuguese

Article

hun

  1. Alternative form of ũu

Old High German

Proper noun

hun

  1. manuscript spelling of Hūn, nominative singular of Hūni

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French Huns, from Latin Hunni.

Noun

hun m (plural huni)

  1. Hun

Declension

Tetum

Etymology

From *pun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, compare Malay pohon.

Noun

hun

  1. bottom, base
  2. beginning
  3. origin

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. rốn, thúi vs. thối.

Verb

hun ()

  1. Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hôn (to kiss)
Usage notes
  • The Northern form with is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing.
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese (SV: huân).

Verb

hun (, , )

  1. to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Anagrams

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Lexicalised h-prothesised form of un.

Pronoun

hun

  1. (with possessive determiner) self
    Synonym: hunan
    fy hunmyself
    ei hunhimself, herself
    ein hunourselves
  2. (with possessive determiner preceding both itself and the noun) own
    Synonym: hunan
    fy ngeiriau fy hunmy own words
    ei syniad ei hunhis/her own idea
    ein cartref ein hunour own home

Usage notes

  • Hun tends to be more common in the north and synonymous hunan in the south, although plural hunain is also found in north at times.

Personal forms

Numeral

hun

  1. h-prothesized form of un
    ei hun ei hunher own (one)
    (Compare: ei un ei hunhis own (one))

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
un unchanged unchanged hun
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *hʉn, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (sleep).

Noun

hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)

  1. sleep
Derived terms

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hun”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

hùn

  1. (Ikalẹ) to sleep
    Kítà é hùn.The dog is sleeping.

Derived terms

Yucatec Maya

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *juun.

Pronunciation

Numeral

hun

  1. one

Derived terms

References

  • Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Hun. Vno. 1.”
  • Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, pages 58, 203