hurt
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English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: hû(r)t, IPA(key): /hɜːt/
- (General American) enPR: hûrt, IPA(key): /hɝt/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t
Etymology 1
From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.
Verb
hurt (third-person singular simple present hurts, present participle hurting, simple past and past participle hurt)
- (transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
- If anybody hurts my little brother, I will get upset.
- This injection might hurt a little.
- (transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
- He was deeply hurt he hadn’t been invited.
- The insult hurt.
- (intransitive, stative) To be painful.
- Does your leg still hurt? / It is starting to feel better.
- (transitive, intransitive) To damage, harm, impair, undermine, impede.
- This latest gaffe hurts the legislator’s reelection prospects still further.
- Copying and pasting identical portions of source code hurts maintainability, because the programmer has to keep all those copies synchronized.
- It wouldn't hurt to check the weather forecast and find out if it's going to rain.
- c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, , volume IV (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Apocalypse II:11, page 643, column 1:
- He that hath eeris, here he, what the spirit seith to the chirchis. He that ouercometh, schal not be hirt of the secounde deth.
- He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.
- 1568, William Cornishe, “A treatise betwene Trouth, and Information”, in J[ohn] S[tow], editor, Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, London, →OCLC; republished as Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, 1736, →OCLC, page 290:
- The Harpe. […] A harper with his wreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
to be painful, to ache
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to cause physical pain and/or injury
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to cause emotional pain
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See also
Adjective
hurt (comparative more hurt, superlative most hurt)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
wounded, injured
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pained
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Noun
hurt (plural hurts)
- An emotional or psychological humiliation or bad experience.
- how to overcome old hurts of the past
- 1996, “Three Lions”, performed by David Baddiel and Frank Skinner:
- Jules Rimet still gleaming
Thirty years of hurt
Never stopped me dreaming
- (archaic) A bodily injury causing pain; a wound or bruise.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :
- I have received a hurt.
- 1631, Francis [Bacon], “VII. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. , 3rd edition, London: William Rawley; rinted by J H for William Lee , →OCLC:
- The cause is a temperate conglutination ; for both bodies are clammy and viscous , and do bridle the deflux of humours to the hurts , without penning them in too much
- 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: A and J Churchill, , →OCLC:
- The pains of sickness and hurts […] all men feel.
- (archaic) Injury; damage; detriment; harm
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :
- Thou dost me yet but little hurt.
- (engineering) A band on a trip hammer's helve, bearing the trunnions.
- A husk. (clarification of this definition is needed)
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
An emotional or psychological pain or bad experience
References
- ^ D.Q. Adams, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, s.v. "horn" (London: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1999), 273.
Etymology 2
Unclear. Suggestions include: from its resemblance to a blue hurtleberry, or from French heurt (a blow, leaving a blue bruise: compare the theories about golpe (“purple roundel”)).
Noun
hurt (plural hurts)
Translations
See also
| metals | main colours | less common colours | ||||||||
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| tincture | or | argent | gules | azure | sable | vert | purpure | tenné | orange | sanguine |
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| roundel (in parentheses: semé): |  bezant (bezanty) |
 plate (platy) |
 torteau (tortelly) |
 hurt (hurty) |
 pellet (pellety), ogress |
 pomme |
 golpe (golpy) |
 orange (semé of oranges) |
 guze (semé of guzes) | |
| goutte (noun) / gutty (adj) thereof: |  (goutte / gutty) d'or (of gold) |
 d'eau (of water) |
 de sang (of blood) |
 de larmes (of tears) |
 de poix (of pitch) |
 d'huile / d'olive (olive oil) |
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| special roundel | furs | additional, uncommon tinctures: | ||||||||
| tincture | fountain, syke: barry wavy argent and azure | ermine | ermines, counter-ermine | erminois | pean | vair | counter-vair | potent | counter-potent | bleu celeste, brunâtre, carnation, cendrée (iron, steel, acier), copper, murrey |
| depiction | .svg){kind=small}
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Anagrams
Chinese
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
hurt
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) to hurt someone emotionally
Adjective
hurt (Hong Kong Cantonese)
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
hurt
- inflection of huren:
Middle English
Etymology 1
Either borrowed from Old French hurt or a back-formation from hurten.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
hurt (plural hurtes)
- Injury, harm or damage; that which is detrimental:
- (rare) A blunder or that which causes one.
- (rare) Sadness, distress, confusion.
Descendants
References
- “hurt, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Verb
hurt
- Alternative form of hurten
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle High German hurt.
Pronunciation
Noun
hurt m inan
Declension
Declension of hurt
Derived terms
adjective
nouns
Descendants
Further reading
- hurt in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- hurt in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle English hurt.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɨ̞rt/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /hɪrt/
- Rhymes: -ɨ̞rt
Adjective
hurt (feminine singular hurt, plural hurtion, equative hurted, comparative hurtach, superlative hurtaf, not mutable)
Derived terms
- hurtaidd (“stupid, silly”)
- hurtan (“silly person”)
- hurtben (“stupid, thick-headed”)
- hurtddyn (“blockhead”)
- hurtedd (“stupidity”)
- hurtffol (“stupid, foolish”)
- hurtiad (“stupefaction, amazement”)
- hurtiedig (“stupefied, stunned”)
- hurtio (“to become foolish, to be dazed, stupefied”)
- hurtiol (“stupefying, benumbing”)
- hurtni (“stupor, stupefaction”)
- hurtog (“stupid woman”)
- hurtrwth (“stupid, agape”)
- hurtrwydd (“stupidity”)
- hurtus (“feeble-minded, senile”)
- hurtyn (“blockhead”)
Noun
hurt m (plural hurtion or hurtiaid or hurtod, not mutable)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| hurt | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hurt”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies