iad

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See also: IAD and -iad

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.

Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)

  1. they, them

See also

Irish personal pronouns
Number Person (and gender) Conjunctive
(emphatic) 		Disjunctive
(emphatic) 		Possessive
determiner
Singular First mé
(mise) 		mo L
m' before vowel sounds
Second tú
(tusa)1 		thú
(thusa) 		do L
d' before vowel sounds
Third masculine sé
(seisean) 		é
(eisean) 		a L
Third feminine sí
(sise) 		í
(ise) 		a H
Third neuter — ea —
Plural First muid, sinn
(muidne, muide), (sinne) 		ár E
Second sibh
(sibhse)1 		bhur E
Third siad
(siadsan) 		iad
(iadsan) 		a E

L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis

1 Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

Mutation

Mutated forms of iad
radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iad n-iad hiad not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjad/
  • Rhymes: -ad
  • Hyphenation: iad
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

iad n (plural iaduri)

  1. hell
    Synonyms: infern, gheenă

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative iad iadul iaduri iadurile
genitive-dative iad iadului iaduri iadurilor
vocative iadule iadurilor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

iad (emphatic iadsan)

  1. third-person plural pronoun; they, them
    Bha iad a' teagasg Seamus. ― They were teaching James.

Derived terms

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
simple emphatic
singular plural singular plural
first person mi sinn mise sinne
second person thu, tu1 sibh2 thusa, tusa1 sibhse2
third
person 		m e iad esan iadsan
f i ise

1 Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
2 sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.

References

  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  3. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  4. ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

Further reading

  • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “iad”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

Welsh

Pronunciation

Noun

iad f (plural iadau)

  1. Crown of the head, pate; top, summit.

Mutation

Mutated forms of iad
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
iad unchanged unchanged hiad

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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