From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.
Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.
iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E | |
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| iad | n-iad | hiad | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).
iad n (plural iaduri)
From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.
iad (emphatic iadsan)
| simple | emphatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
| Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
| Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
| Third person f | i | ise | ||
| *) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. | ||||
iad f (plural iadau)
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| iad | unchanged | unchanged | hiad |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||