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English
Etymology
From Middle French idiome, and its source, Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “a peculiarity, property, a peculiar phraseology, idiom”), from ἰδιοῦσθαι (idioûsthai, “to make one's own, appropriate to oneself”), from ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private, personal, peculiar, separate”).
Pronunciation
Noun
idiom (plural idioms or idiomata) (sometimes used uncountably)
- A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.
In English, idiom requires the indefinite article in a phrase such as "she's an engineer", whereas in Spanish, idiom forbids it.
Some of the usage prescriptions improved clarity and were kept; others that yielded discordant violations of idiom were eventually revised.
- Synonyms: idiomaticness, idiomaticity
- (programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.
2005, Magnus Lie Hetland, Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, →ISBN, page 100:I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that? I can use the while True/break idiom: […]
- A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.
In the idiom of the day, they were sutlers, although today they'd probably be called vendors.
2010 January 13, Christopher Hitchens, “The Other L-Word”, in Vanity Fair:Many parents and teachers have become irritated to the point of distraction at the way the weed-style growth of "like" has spread through the idiom of the young.
- An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.
She often spoke in idioms, pining for salad days and complaining about pots calling the kettle black.
2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl, Elaine Tyler May, editors, Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, →ISBN, page 134:You’re history, we say […] . Surely it is an American idiom. Impossible to imagine a postwar European saying, “You’re history. . . . That’s history,” meaning fuhgeddaboudit, pal.
- An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style.
the idiom of the expressionists
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
manner of speaking
- Catalan: parla (ca) f, parlar (ca) m, dialecte (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: puhetapa (fi), puheenparsi (fi), idiomi (fi)
- French: idiome (fr) m
- German: Idiom (de) n, Dialekt (de) m, Mundart (de) f, Redeweise (de) f, Sprechweise (de) f
- Hungarian: kifejezésmód (hu), szólásmód (hu), idióma (hu)
- Irish: cor cainte m
- Italian: idioma (it) m, parlata (it) f
- Maori: kīwaha
- Russian: идио́ма (ru) f (idióma), оборо́т ре́чи (ru) m (oborót réči)
- Scottish Gaelic: gnàthas-cainnt m
- Walloon: pårler (wa) m, cåzaedje (wa) m
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language variety
- Catalan: idioma (ca) m, llengua (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 方言 (zh) (fāngyán)
- Finnish: kielimuunnos
- French: idiome (fr) m
- German: Idiom (de) m, Sprache (de) f, Ausdrucksweise (de) f
- Hebrew: נִיב (he) m (niv)
- Hungarian: nyelvváltozat (hu), idióma (hu)
- Indonesian: idiom (id)
- Italian: dialetto (it) m, vernacolo (it) m
- Japanese: 方言 (ja) (ほうげん, hōgen), 訛り (ja) (なまり, namari)
- Korean: 언어(言語) (ko) (eoneo), 어법(語法) (ko) (eobeop)
- Polish: mowa (pl) f, narzecze (pl) n
- Russian: идио́м (ru) (idióm)
- Serbo-Croatian: idiom (sh) m
- Slovak: idióm
- Spanish: idioma (es) m
- Walloon: pårler (wa) m, djårgon m, patwès (wa) m (pejorative)
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idiomatic expression
- Albanian: idiomë (sq) f
- Arabic: اِصْطِلَاح (ar) m (iṣṭilāḥ), مُصْطَلَح (ar) m (muṣṭalaḥ)
- Armenian: դարձված (hy) (darjvac)
- Azerbaijani: deyim, idiom, idioma (az)
- Belarusian: ідыёма f (idyjóma)
- Bengali: বাগ্ধারা (bagdhara), বাগধারা (bn) (bagdhara)
- Bulgarian: идио́м (bg) m (idióm)
- Burmese: အီဒီယမ် (idiyam)
- Catalan: idiotisme m, Catalan: frase feta (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 成語/成语 (sing4 jyu5)
- Mandarin: 成語/成语 (zh) (chéngyǔ), 習慣用語/习惯用语 (zh) (xíguàn yòngyǔ), 俗語/俗语 (zh) (súyǔ), 習語/习语 (zh) (xíyǔ)
- Czech: idiom (cs) m
- Danish: idiom (da) n
- Dutch: idioom (nl) n, taaleigen (nl) n
- Esperanto: idiotismo (eo)
- Estonian: idioom
- Finnish: idiomi (fi), sanonta (fi)
- French: idiotisme (fr) m , idiome (fr)
- Georgian: იდიომი (idiomi), იდიომატური გამოთქმა (idiomaṭuri gamotkma)
- German: Idiom (de) n, Redewendung (de) f, Redensart (de) f, Ausdrucksweise (de) f, idiomatischer Ausdruck m
- Greek: ιδίωμα (el) n (idíoma)
- Hebrew: מַטְבֵּעַ לָשׁוֹן (he) m (matbéa' lashón), נִיב (he) m (niv)
- Hindi: मुहावरा (hi) m (muhāvrā)
- Hungarian: idióma (hu), beszédfordulat (hu), fordulat (hu), kifejezés (hu), állandósult szókapcsolat (hu)
- Icelandic: orðatiltæki (is) n
- Ido: idiotismo (io)
- Indonesian: idiom (id)
- Interlingua: (please verify) idiotismo , (please verify) idioma
- Italian: espressione idiomatica (it) f, idiotismo (it) m, idiomatismo m, locuzione (it) f
- Japanese: 熟語 (ja) (じゅくご, jukugo), 成句 (ja) (せいく, seiku)
- Kazakh: идиома (idioma)
- Korean: 관용구(慣用句) (ko) (gwanyonggu), 숙어(熟語) (sugeo)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: زاراوە (zarawe)
- Kyrgyz: идиома (ky) (idioma)
- Lao: ສຳນວນ (sam nūan)
- Latvian: idioma f
- Lithuanian: idioma (lt) f
- Macedonian: идио́м m (idióm)
- Manx: corghlare f
- Maori: kīrehu
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: хэлц үг (mn) (xelc üg)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: idiom (no) n
- Old English: āgensprǣċ f, ġecyndesprǣċ f
- Persian: اصطلاح (fa) (estelâh)
- Polish: idiom (pl) m
- Portuguese: idioma (pt) m, expressão idiomática f
- Romanian: idiom (ro)
- Russian: идио́ма (ru) f (idióma), идиомати́ческий оборо́т m (idiomatíčeskij oborót), идиомати́ческое выраже́ние n (idiomatíčeskoje vyražénije), фразеологи́зм (ru) m (frazeologízm)
- Scottish Gaelic: gnàthas-cainnt m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: идѝо̄м m
- Roman: idìōm (sh) m
- Slovak: idióm
- Slovene: idiom m
- Spanish: idiotismo (es) m, idiomatismo m, modismo (es) m
- Swedish: idiom (sv) n, idiomatiskt uttryck n
- Tagalog: kawikaan
- Tajik: идиома (idioma), истилоҳ (istiloh)
- Telugu: జాతీయము (te) (jātīyamu)
- Thai: สำนวน (th) (sǎm-nuuan)
- Turkish: deyim (tr)
- Ukrainian: ідіо́ма f (idióma)
- Urdu: محاورہ (ur) m (muhāvra)
- Uzbek: idioma (uz), istiloh (uz)
- Vietnamese: thành ngữ (vi), thổ ngữ (vi)
- Walloon: ratourneure (wa) f
- Welsh: idiom (cy)
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distinct style of art, etc
See also
Further reading
- idiom on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- “idiom”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “idiom”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “idiom”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- Eugene E. Loos , editors (2003), “idiom”, in Glossary of Linguistic Terms, Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.
Anagrams
Czech
Pronunciation
Noun
idiom m inan
- idiom (established expression whose meaning is not deducible from the literal meanings of its component words)
1972, Nový orient:Před běžným „Nashledanou", které Peršané vyjadřují slovy „nechť je Bůh vaším opatrovníkem", dáme přednost idiomu „vaše laskavost nebo pozornost je (byla) nesmírná" nebo „nechť se vysoká laskavost nezmenší" ...- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
1985, Studie a práce linguistické:Stejně málo významné byly pro IF pokusy přiblížit význam idiomů ve vágních pojmech přenesenosti, obraznosti, průhlednosti apod.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
1996, Časopis pro moderní filologii:Trochu konzervativní český uživatel Schemannova slovníku bude možná zpočátku postrádat u některých idiomů jejich vysvětlení, jak byl zvyklý kupříkladu z dosud (do r. 1993) nejobsažnějšího slovníku tohoto typu ...- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
2005, Zdeněk Stříbrný, Proud času:Vyjádřil to pěkným anglickým idiomem „They have added insult to your injury“.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
2014, František Čermák, Jazyk a slovník. Vybrané lingvistické studie:U idiomů pak můžeme postulovat existenci především početných sekundárních symbolů (otevřená hlava), popř. ikonů (kamenný obličej), méně často však už sekundárních indexů (co do, kór když).- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Declension of idiom (hard masculine inanimate)
Further reading
- idiom in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- idiom in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- idiom in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
- idiom in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny, czechency.org
- Česká frazeologie, Naše řeč (1984)
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch idioom.
Noun
idiom (first-person possessive idiomku, second-person possessive idiommu, third-person possessive idiomnya)
- idiom (idiomatic expression)
- idiom (artistic style)
- (rare, dated) idiom (language or language variety)
Further reading
Polish
Etymology
Internationalism; compare English idiom, French idiome, German Idiom, ultimately from Late Latin idiōma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma).
Pronunciation
Noun
idiom m inan (diminutive idiomek)
- (lexicography, rhetoric) idiom, phraseme, phraseological unit, phraseologism, set expression, set phrase, turn of phrase
- Synonyms: frazeologizm, idiomat, idiomatyzm, związek frazeologiczny
- idiom (artistic style)
- Synonyms: idiomat, idiomatyka
- (dated, linguistics, rare) idiom (language or language variety)
- Synonym: idiomatyzm
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- idiom in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- idiom in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French idiome.
Pronunciation
Noun
idiom n (plural idiomuri)
- idiom
Declension
Further reading
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /idǐoːm/
- Hyphenation: i‧di‧om
Noun
idìōm m (Cyrillic spelling идѝо̄м)
- idiom (idiomatic expression)
- idiom (artistic style)
- (linguistics) idiom (language or language variety)
Declension