ij
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ij"
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Drehu
Pronunciation
Verb
ij
- to drink
References
- Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Dutch
Etymology
From ii, where the second i was modified. Used to be pronounced as /i/, in accordance with the other Dutch double vowels.
Pronunciation
Letter
ij (upper case IJ)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a (Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, Ë ë), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï, IJ ij), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y (Ý ý), Z z
Noun
ij f (plural ij's, diminutive ijtje n)
- the digraph ij
References
- Matthias de Vries, Lambert Allard te Winkel (1864) “ij”, in Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, published 2001
Further reading
IJ (digraph) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Inari Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-.
Verb
ij
Inflection
| Inflection of ij | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present indicative | imperative | optative | ||
| 1st singular | jieˈm | — | iällum | |
| 2nd singular | jieˈh | ele | ele | |
| 3rd singular | ij | — | iäˈlus | |
| 1st dual | iän | — | iälˈloon | |
| 2nd dual | eppee | ellee | ellee | |
| 3rd dual | iäˈvá | — | iällus | |
| 1st plural | ep | — | iällup | |
| 2nd plural | eppeđ | elleđ | elleđ | |
| 3rd plural | iä | — | iällus | |
Lule Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-.
Verb
ij
Usage notes
Followed by the verb in the connegative form of the appropriate mood. The indicative is used for the conditional and potential, while the imperative has its own forms.
Inflection
| Inflection of ij | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present indicative | past indicative | imperative | optative | |
| 1st singular | iv | ittjiv | — | — |
| 2nd singular | i | ittji | ale | allu |
| 3rd singular | ij | ittjij | allis | allus |
| 1st dual | en | ejma | allon | allun |
| 2nd dual | ähppe | ejda | alˈle | alluda |
| 3rd dual | äbá | ejga | alliska | alluska |
| 1st plural | ep | ejma | allop | allup |
| 2nd plural | ehpit | ejda | allit | allut |
| 3rd plural | e | ettjin | allisa | allusa |
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Pite Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-.
Verb
ij
Usage notes
Followed by the verb in the connegative form of the appropriate mood. The indicative is used for the conditional and potential, while the imperative has its own forms.
Inflection
| Inflection of ij | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present indicative | past indicative | imperative | optative | |
| 1st singular | iv | idtjiv | — | — |
| 2nd singular | i | idtji | iele | ilu |
| 3rd singular | ij | idtjij | — | — |
| 1st dual | en | iejme idtjijmen |
— | — |
| 2nd dual | iehpen ähppen |
iejde idtjijden |
iellen | illun |
| 3rd dual | ieba iebá |
iejga idtjijga |
— | — |
| 1st plural | ep iehpe |
iejme idtjijme |
— | — |
| 2nd plural | ehpit | iejda idtjijde |
ellit | illut |
| 3rd plural | e | idtjin | — | — |
Further reading
- ij in Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje (“Pite Sami word list”)
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Skolt Sami
Etymology
Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a
Verb
ij
Inflection
| Inflection of ij | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | imperative | optative | |
| 1st singular | jiõm | — | — |
| 2nd singular | jiõk | jeäʹl | jeäʹl |
| 3rd singular | ij | — | jeälas |
| 1st plural | jeäʹp | — | jeälˈlap |
| 2nd plural | jeäʹped | jieʹlˈled | jieʹlˈled |
| 3rd plural | jie jiâ |
— | jeälˈlas |
| 4th | jeäʹt | — | — |
Southern Sami
Etymology
Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a
Verb
ij
Inflection
| Inflection of ij | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present indicative | past indicative | present imperative | past imperative | |
| 1st singular | im | idtjim | aelliem | ollem |
| 2nd singular | ih | idtjih | aellieh | ollh |
| 3rd singular | ij | idtji | aellis | olles |
| 1st dual | ean | idtjimen | aellien | ollen |
| 2nd dual | idien | idtjiden | aelleden | olleden |
| 3rd dual | eakan | idtjigan | aellis | olles |
| 1st plural | ibie | idtjimh | aellebe | ollebe |
| 2nd plural | idie | idtjidh | aellede | ollede |
| 3rd plural | eah | idtjin | aellis | olles |
Ume Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-.
Verb
ij