il

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Translingual

Alternative forms

Numeral

il

  1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).

See also

Akatek

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *il- Compare with Achi ilonik

Pronunciation

Verb

il

  1. (transitive) to see, to watch, look at

References

Preliminary Classic Maya ‐ English, English ‐ Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings by Erik Boot

2022. Akateko Living Dictionary. Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. ( look "ʔil" wav recording )

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic ил
Abjad ایل

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yïl (year). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl).

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Noun

il (definite accusative ili, plural illər)

  1. year
    Synonyms: sənə, (Classical Azerbaijani) sal, (Classical Azerbaijani) am
    uzun illərmany years (literally, “long years”)
    Mən on ildir ki məktəbi bitirmişəm.
    It's been ten years since I finished school.

Declension

    Declension of il
singular plural
nominative il
illər
definite accusative ili
illəri
dative ilə
illərə
locative ildə
illərdə
ablative ildən
illərdən
definite genitive ilin
illərin
    Possessive forms of il
nominative
singular plural
mənim (my) ilim illərim
sənin (your) ilin illərin
onun (his/her/its) ili illəri
bizim (our) ilimiz illərimiz
sizin (your) iliniz illəriniz
onların (their) ili or illəri illəri
accusative
singular plural
mənim (my) ilimi illərimi
sənin (your) ilini illərini
onun (his/her/its) ilini illərini
bizim (our) ilimizi illərimizi
sizin (your) ilinizi illərinizi
onların (their) ilini or illərini illərini
dative
singular plural
mənim (my) ilimə illərimə
sənin (your) ilinə illərinə
onun (his/her/its) ilinə illərinə
bizim (our) ilimizə illərimizə
sizin (your) ilinizə illərinizə
onların (their) ilinə or illərinə illərinə
locative
singular plural
mənim (my) ilimdə illərimdə
sənin (your) ilində illərində
onun (his/her/its) ilində illərində
bizim (our) ilimizdə illərimizdə
sizin (your) ilinizdə illərinizdə
onların (their) ilində or illərində illərində
ablative
singular plural
mənim (my) ilimdən illərimdən
sənin (your) ilindən illərindən
onun (his/her/its) ilindən illərindən
bizim (our) ilimizdən illərimizdən
sizin (your) ilinizdən illərinizdən
onların (their) ilindən or illərindən illərindən
genitive
singular plural
mənim (my) ilimin illərimin
sənin (your) ilinin illərinin
onun (his/her/its) ilinin illərinin
bizim (our) ilimizin illərimizin
sizin (your) ilinizin illərinizin
onların (their) ilinin or illərinin illərinin

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jɨl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ^ Abuseitova, M. Kh; Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰖𐰃𐰞”, in TÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan

Bunak

Noun

il

  1. water

Further reading

Danish

Noun

il c

  1. (rare) haste, speed

Verb

il

  1. imperative of ile

Epigraphic Mayan

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *il-.

Verb

il

  1. to see

Faroese

Iljar (soles).

Etymology

From Old Norse il.

Noun

il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)

  1. the sole of the foot
f8 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative il ilin iljar iljarnar
Accusative il ilina iljar iljarnar
Dative il ilini iljum iljunum
Genitive iljar iljarinnar ilja iljanna


French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French il, from Old French il, from Vulgar Latin *illī, which is derived from Classical Latin ille.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

il m (third-person singular, plural ils, accusative le, dative lui, emphatic lui, possessive determiner son)

  1. he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)
    Il est parti.
    He left.
  2. it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)
    Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ?
    I'm looking for my book. Where is it?
  3. (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it
    Il pleut.
    It’s raining.

Related terms

References

  1. ^ Dauzat, Albert; Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964), chapter IL, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse

Further reading

Anagrams

Friulian

Friulian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
l'
i
feminine  la
l'
lis

Alternative forms

  • al (Western and Southern Friulian)
  • el (Northern Friulian)

Etymology

From Latin illum, ultimately from ille.

Article

il m sg (plural i)

  1. the

See also

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French île.

Pronunciation

Noun

il

  1. island

Icelandic

Iljar (soles).

Etymology

From Old Norse il, from Proto-Germanic *iljō.

Pronunciation

Noun

il f (genitive singular iljar, nominative plural iljar)

  1. the sole of the foot
    Honum sagðist vera illt í ilinni.He said his sole hurt.

Declension

Derived terms

Ido

Pronunciation

Pronoun

il (plural ili, possessive ilua, possessive plural ilui)

  1. Apocopic form of ilu; he, him

See also

Interlingua

Pronoun

il

  1. personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs
    Il ha multe arbores illac.
    There are many trees there.

Usage notes

Optional.

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish il, from Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.

Adjective

il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)

  1. (literary) many
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Adjective

il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)

  1. Alternative form of oll (great; huge, vast, immense)

Declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
il n-il hil not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “il”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “il” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “il” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian

Alternative forms

  • el (archaic or regional)
  • 'l (archaic or pronunciation spelling)
  • i' (Tuscan pronunciation spelling)

Etymology

From earlier *ille, *elle, from Latin illum (and illud), ultimately from ille. The final vowel fell by apocope, and the /e/ (< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to /i/ in Tuscan, compare in, di, ri-, mi. The form el is found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.

Patota claims this to be from the older form lo (from the same source), via an intermediate form l. The initial i would be a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.

Pronunciation

Article

Italian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
lo/l'
i
gli
feminine  la/l' le

il m sg (plural i)

  1. the

References

  1. ^ Patota, Giuseppe (2002) Lineamenti di grammatica storica dell'italiano (in Italian), Bologna: il Mulino, →ISBN, pages 123, 124

Anagrams

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French il.

Pronoun

il m

  1. he
  2. it (impersonal, or referring to an unknown person)

Descendants

  • French: il

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

il f or m (definite singular ila or ilen, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)

  1. sole of the foot
    Synonym: fotsåle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse il f, from Proto-Germanic *iljō f, *ili n.

Noun

il f (definite singular ila, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)

  1. sole of the foot, especially the middle part
    Synonym: fotsole

Inflection

Related terms

References

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin ille (masculine nominative).

Pronoun

il m sg (feminine ele)

  1. he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
Descendants
  • Middle French: il
    • French: il

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of Latin ille.

Alternative forms

  • ils (late, analogic)

Pronoun

il m pl (feminine eles)

  1. they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
    • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
      S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.
      If they could range you, they would have already killed you.
Descendants
  • Middle French: ils

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, much), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, much), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, much).

Pronunciation

Adjective

il (equative lir, comparative lia)

  1. much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)
    cosin taidbse ilwith much ostentation
    Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib.Thus God has made man's body of many members.
    Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre.Preaching is better than speaking many languages.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
      In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
      The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
      De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
      Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

Inflection

As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:

  • Nominative/accusative plural: ili
  • Dative plural: ilib

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
il unchanged n-il
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iljō, *ili (sole).

Noun

il f (genitive iljar, plural iljar)

  1. the sole of the foot

Declension

Descendants

  • Icelandic: il
  • Faroese: il
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: il
  • Norwegian Bokmål: il
  • Old Swedish: il

References

il”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Oromo ija, Sidamo ille and Jiiddu el.

Noun

il

  1. eye

References

  • “il” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
  1. ^ Salim Alio Ibro (1998) English-Jiddu-Somali Mini-Dictionary, Victoria, Australia: La Trobe University Language Center, →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology

From ila (to hurry).

Noun

il c

  1. (archaic) a gust; a strong, abrupt rush of wind
  2. (archaic) Synonym of ilning
  3. (archaic) hurry

Declension

Declension of il 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative il ilen ilar ilarna
Genitive ils ilens ilars ilarnas

Derived terms

References

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ایل (il), from Proto-Turkic *ēl (realm). Doublet of el.

Pronunciation

Noun

il (definite accusative ili, plural iller)

  1. province

Declension

Inflection
Nominative il
Definite accusative ili
Singular Plural
Nominative il iller
Definite accusative ili illeri
Dative ile illere
Locative ilde illerde
Ablative ilden illerden
Genitive ilin illerin

Tzotzil

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

il

  1. (transitive) to see

References

Yucatec Maya

Verb

il (transitive)

  1. to see
  2. to visit

Conjugation