ils

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See also: ILS and ILs

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Plural formed from il.

Pronoun

ils m pl (postpositive -ils) (ORB, broad)

  1. they (third-person plural masculine nominative)

See also

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns
singular nominative accusative dative tonic1 possessive2
1st person jo mè min
2nd person te tè tin
3rd person masculine il lo / le lui sin
3rd person feminine el la lyé
3rd person neuter o y —
3rd person reflexive — sè
plural nominative accusative dative tonic1 possessive2
1st person nos noutro
2nd person vos voutro
3rd person masculine ils los / les lor lor
3rd person feminine els les lor / lyés
3rd person reflexive — sè
1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition. 2 Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

  • ils in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • ils in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin illī, which sounded il in Old French, to which a plural -s was added. While il was the nominative form from late Latin, els, eus was the oblique form ("them") that had evolved from late Latin illōs, and is the ancestor of modern French eux.

In Old French, "they", being a nominative, was il from late Latin *illi, thus it didn't have the final -s, thus it was il used both for "he" and "they". The -s was added at the end of the 13th century in some regions, at the time the declension system of Old French started to collapse. As a consequence, some oïl languages in France have retained the original Old French il-form, and in some other regions, the ils-form supplanted the older one. Some dialects have even retained both forms depending on the locals.

See cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Champenois, Lorrain, and Orléanais is; Bourbonnais-Berrichon ils; Bourguignon âs; Franc-Comtois and Poitevin-Saintongeais és; Gallo i and iz; Norman i and is; Picard is and i; Franco-Provençal ils; Occitan els (Gascon eus); Catalan ells; Corsican elli.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ils m pl (third-person plural, singular il, accusative les, dative leur, emphatic eux, possessive determiner leur)

  1. they (male or mixed group)
  2. (Quebec, informal) they (female)
French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Indeterminate on1 — — — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 — — soi4
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 — — vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
Feminine elles elles
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.

Further reading

Anagrams

Swedish

Noun

ils

  1. indefinite genitive singular of il

Anagrams

Tashelhit

Etymology

From Proto-Berber *iləs, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lis-.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ils/

Noun

ils m (plural ilsiwn)

  1. tongue (organ)
  2. language

Derived terms

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia