im

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

Translingual

Alternative forms

(roman numeral): IM, CMXCIX, cmxcix

Symbol

im

(informal) A Roman numeral representing nine hundred ninety-nine (999).

English

Adjective

im (not comparable)

(medicine) Initialism of intramuscular.
Alternative forms: IM, I.M., i.m.
- 1999, Carrie J. Bagatell, William J. Bremmer, “Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men”, in Leonard Share, editor, Hormones and the Heart in Health and Disease (Contemporary Endocrinology; 21), Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, →ISBN, page 237:
  In the past few years, T patches have also been released for prescription usage. Both scrotally applied and nonscrotally applied vehicles are available. These forms of delivery offer more constant T levels and avoid the inconvenience of im injection.

Afar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈim/,

Noun

ím m

thing

Synonyms

tú

References

Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

Alternative forms

(Gheg) ẽm
(Gheg) (i + ẽm =) jẽm

Etymology 1

Demonstrative pronoun Proto-Albanian *is + (unstressed) 1st sg. pronoun Proto-Albanian *me, from Proto-Indo-European *is and Proto-Indo-European *me.

Pronoun

im m (accusative/dative/ablative tim, genitive (i) tim, nominative, accusative plural e mi, genitive plural (i) të mi, dative/ablative plural të mi)

my, of mine (possessive pronoun in nominative form, adjectival aspect)
1.1. possessive pronoun placed → after noun, gender of the pronoun agrees with the gender of possessum/noun:

(Gheg) syn i ẽm (jẽm) ― (one/an) eye of mine (one of my eye)

1.1.b. definite/singular noun + im m (Gheg: with jẽm m; a compound of prepositive article i + pronoun ẽm m):

libri im ― the book of mine (my book)

syri im ― my eye

(Gheg) syni i ẽm (syni jẽm) ― my eye

ati im, vëllai im, biri im ― my father, my brother, my son

1.2.a. indefinite/plural noun + (linking morpheme) të + (pronoun) mi m:

dy sy të mi ― (two) both of my eyes

1.2.b. definite/plural noun + (link. morph.) e + mi m:

librat e mi ― my books (the books of mine)

sytë e mi ― my (the eyes of mine)
my (possessive pronoun, adjectival aspect)
2.1. pronoun placed → before noun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender, → restricted to kinship terms, family members:

2.1.a. indefinite/singular noun + im m:

im gjysh, im atë, im bir ― my grandfather, my father, my son

Im atë, i dashuri ati im. ― My father, my beloved father.
mine (possessive pronoun, nominal aspect)
3.1. pronoun stands alone, nominal declension of pronoun, pronoun gender agrees with possessum gender (fem. possessor → masc. possessum → masc. pronoun), im m (my) → imi m (mine):

Singular: imi ― mine

(Gheg) i ẽmi (jẽmi) ― (of/the) mine

Plural: të mitë ― mine

Ti je imi m. ― You are mine.

(Gheg) Ti je i m ẽmi m (jẽmi). ― You are (of/the) mine.

Është imi. ― It is mine.

(Gheg) Õsht i ẽmi (jẽmi). ― It is (of/the) mine.

Declension

1. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)

declension of im

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
nominative	im	ime	e mi	e mia
accusative	tim	time	e mi	e mia
genitive/dative/ablative	tim	sime	të mi	të mia

2. Possessive pronouns (adjectival)

There are also alternative forms which can be used before the noun (which will be in the indefinite state). These forms are restricted to personal relationships like family members, for example:

im vëlla (“my brother”), ime motër (“my sister”)

These forms are limited to singulars.

pre-noun forms of im

	masculine	feminine
nominative	im	ime
accusative	tim	time
dative	tim	sime

3. Possessive pronouns (nominal)

declension of imi

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
nominative	imi	imja	të mitë	të miat
accusative	timin	timen	të mitë	të miat
genitive/dative/ablative	timit	simes	të mive	të miave

Noun

im m (definite imi, definite plural të mitë)

a kinsman; a member of the same clan, tribe or family (kinship, singular)
Synonyms: afërm, fis, fisnik, kushëri

Një imi. ― A kinsman (One of mine).
one's (own); kinsfolk; family members (kinship, plural)
Synonyms: familje, familjarët, farefis, gjini

A: Kush erdhi? - B: Erdhën të mitë. ― A: Who came? - B: My family came.
a close friend or partner; a beloved and trusted person (sg.+pl., person (or people) connected through relationship (or friendship))
Synonyms: besnik, dashur, mik, shok

Related terms

ime f (“my, of mine”)
ma (“me”), më (“id”)
mu (“to me”), mua (“id”)

Etymology 2

From imë, a variant of imtë (“tiny, small”).

Verb

im (aorist ima, participle imur)

(active voice, transitive) to crumble, grind, shred, refine
Synonyms: imtoj, imtësoj, bluaj, thërrmoj, zbërthej

Declension

Standard Albanian conjugation of im (active voice)

Show compound tenses:

singular			plural
		participle		imur


		gerund		duke imur
		infinitive		për të imur
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	im	im	im	imim	imni	imin
	imperfect	imja	imje	imte	imnim	imnit	imnin
	aorist	ima	ime	imi	imëm	imët	imën





perfect	kam imur	ke imur	ka imur	kemi imur	keni imur	kanë imur
past perfect	kisha imur	kishe imur	kishte imur	kishim imur	kishit imur	kishin imur
aorist II	pata imur	pate imur	pati imur	patëm imur	patët imur	patën imur
future¹	do të im	do të imësh	do të imë	do të imim	do të imni	do të imin
future perfect²	do të kem imur	do të kesh imur	do të ketë imur	do të kemi imur	do të keni imur	do të kenë imur
subjunctive	present	të im	të imësh	të imë	të imim	të imni	të imin




imperfect	të imja	të imje	të imte	të imnim	të imnit	të imnin
perfect	të kem imur	të kesh imur	të ketë imur	të kemi imur	të keni imur	të kenë imur
past perfect	të kisha imur	të kishe imur	të kishte imur	të kishim imur	të kishit imur	të kishin imur
conditional^{1, 2}	imperfect	do të imja	do të imje	do të imte	do të imnim	do të imnit	do të imnin
conditional^{1, 2}	past perfect	do të kisha imur	do të kishe imur	do të kishte imur	do të kishim imur	do të kishit imur	do të kishin imur
optative	present	imsha	imsh	imtë	imshim	imshit	imshin
optative
perfect	paça imur	paç imur	pastë imur	paçim imur	paçit imur	paçin imur
admirative	present	imkam	imke	imka	imkemi	imkeni	imkan
	imperfect	imkësha	imkëshe	imkësh	imkëshim	imkëshit	imkëshin


perfect	paskam imur	paske imur	paska imur	paskemi imur	paskeni imur	paskan imur
past perfect	paskësha imur	paskëshe imur	paskësh imur	paskëshim imur	paskëshit imur	paskëshin imur
imperative	present	—	im	—	—	imni	—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present ²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

(note: only 3rd person sg/pl passive forms; passive imet (“it is grinding”))

Related terms

imur (participle), imet (passive)
imtësoj (active), imtësohet (passive), imtësuar (participle)
imti f
imtë f
(i) imët m, (e) imët f
imtësim m
imtësi f
imtas
imtësisht
imtoj (active), imtohet (passive), imtuar (participle)
imtim m

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 241 → personal pronouns §3.2.4.1., from IE *me
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pronoun im (my)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 196 → (m.) possessive pronoun im (my) / (f.) poss. pronoun ime (my)
^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 323 → (m.pl) possessive pronoun (e/të) mi (my, (of) mine); (f.pl) poss. pronoun (e/të mia (my, (of) mine)
^ Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 570 → (m./sg.) dat./abl. possessive pronoun tim (my, of mine); genitive poss. pronoun (i) tim (my, of mine)
^ Martin Camaj (1984) Albanian grammar: with exercises, chrestomathy and glossaries, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, →ISBN, → (m.) possessive pronouns im, imi (my (of mine), mine); ime, imja (my (of mine), mine) (see → §134. - §136.: possessive pronouns and declension) pages 102-103]
^ Olga Mišeska Tomić (2006) Balkan Sprachbund, Morpho-syntactic Features, Springer Science & Business Media, The Netherlands, →ISBN, pages 199-201]
^ 7.) m./sg. noun im/imi; f.sg. noun ime/imja(kinsman, kinswoman) / m./pl. noun (të) mitë; f./pl. noun (të) mijat (kinfolks (m., f.)) • in FJALË, Fjalor Shqip (WORDS, Albanian Dictionary)
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) chapter IM, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

Degenan

Noun

im

water

Dupaningan Agta

Conjunction

im

but
than (comparative marker)

German

Etymology

Contraction.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪm/
audio (file)

Contraction

im

Contraction of in dem; in the

Usage notes

The contraction im is obligatory when the definite article has no deixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to use in dem as separate words:

Wir sitzen im Garten. ― We're sitting in the garden.

Er arbeitet im technischen Bereich. ― He works in the technical field.

On the other hand, im is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly, in dem is used before a defining relative clause.

In dem Haus haben wir mal gewohnt. ― We used to live in that house .

Mein Großvater starb in dem Haus, wo ich geboren wurde. ― My grandfather died in the house where I was born.

Declension

The preposition in can be used with both accusative and dative objects, but it only contracts with dem as im and with das as ins. Thus, the combination of in with the definite article has the following forms:

	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
accusative	in den	ins	in die	in die
dative	im	im	in der	in den

Gothic

Romanization

im

Romanization of 𐌹𐌼

Irish

FWOTD – 27 January 2013

Etymology 1

From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Welsh ymenyn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷen- (compare Latin unguen (“grease”), Old High German ancho (“butter”)).

Irish Wikipedia has an article on:

im

Wikipedia ^ga

Pronunciation

(Waterford) IPA^(key): /aimʲ/
(Cork, Kerry, Galway) IPA^(key): /iːmʲ/
(Mayo) IPA^(key): /ɪmʲ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɨ̞mʲ/

Noun

im m (genitive singular ime, nominative plural imeanna)

butter
- 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 197:
  Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.
  A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.

Declension

Declension of im

Second declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	im	imeanna
Vocative	a im	a imeanna
Genitive	ime	imeanna
Dative	im	imeanna

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an t-im	na himeanna
Genitive	an ime	na n-imeanna
Dative	leis an im don im	leis na himeanna

Derived terms

saill ime (“butterfat”)
uachtar ime (“buttercream”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

im’

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪmˠ/

Contraction

im (triggers lenition)

(Munster) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).
Chuireas an peann im phóca.
I put the pen in my pocket.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
Basic form	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded, det	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod, dot	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id, it	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led, let	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód, ót	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Etymology 3

Preposition

im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)

Alternative form of um

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
im	n-im	him	t-im
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imb, imm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*amben-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 134, page 70
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 101, page 40

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔim (“bitter”). Cognate with White Hmong iab and Western Xiangxi Miao anb.

Adjective

im

bitter

Jamaican Creole

Alternative forms

'im

Etymology

Derived from English him.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈim/
Hyphenation: im

Pronoun

im

he
Mek im tek weh himself. ― He needs to go away.
- 2005, Kamau Brathwaite, The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820 (in English), →ISBN, page 239:
  “An im seh, Yu nyaam me peas today? Him seh, nuo ma, me no eat non. […] ”
  And he said, did you eat my peas today? He said, no ma, I didn't eat them.
him
Shi sen' im a letter wah day. ― She sent him a letter recently.
- 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
  “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
  What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on.
his
Den im res' im han' pan di bench. ― Then he rested his hand on the bench.
- 1984, Laura Tanna, Jamaican Folk Tales and Oral Histories, →ISBN, page 11:
  “What de poor Bug do? Tek im pon im back an him travel, an him travel, an im travel. […] ”
  What did poor Bug do? He let him go on his back and he travelled on and on.
her
'Im frack look good. ― Her dress looks good.
she
Tanya deh yah? — Yeah, man. Im deh yah. ― Is Tanya here? — Yes, she's here.

Related terms

References

^ Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292
^ Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292

Livonian

Alternative forms

i'm

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *imeh.

Noun

im

miracle

Marshallese

Pronunciation

(phonetic) IPA^(key):
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /jimʲ/
Bender phonemes: {yim}

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

em
-m

Conjunction

im

and

Etymology 2

Noun

im

a skirmish
a bout
a brawl
a duel
a riot
a hassle

References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Middle English

Pronoun

im

Alternative form of him (“him”)

Nalca

Noun

im

sky
heaven

Derived terms

Imik Neyung

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

From English him.

Pronoun

im

Northern Kurdish

Verb

im

first-person singular present indicative of bûn.
Synonym: me

Old Irish

Etymology

Univerbation of hi (“in”) +‎ mo (“my”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /im(ʲ)/

Determiner

im

in my
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23
  co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
  so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with mouth and what I might think with heart might be different

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

imo

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun

im

dative of sia: them

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia	it
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is

Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-

Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu	sia	sia	siu
Dative	ūs	eu, iu, iuu	im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Descendants

Middle Low German: one, gim, jum
- German Low German: jüm, jem

Pnar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *ʔim. Cognate with Khasi im and Proto-Palaungic *ʔiːm (“alive, raw”) (whence Riang ʔiːm¹ and Blang ʔɪ́m).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔim/

Verb

im

to live

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /im/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -im
Syllabification: im

Etymology 1

Pronoun

im

dative of oni
Ktoś musiał im powiedzieć. ― Someone must have told them.
dative of one

Etymology 2

Conjunction

im

introduces a parallel, conditional or comparative statement, placed before the thing being compared to
im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more ..., the less ...

Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better tastes.

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin līmus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”).

Noun

im n (plural imuri)

(uncommon, regional) mud, dirt, filth
Synonyms: noroi, murdărie, nămol

Declension

Declension of im

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) im	imul	(niște) imuri	imurile
genitive/dative	(unui) im	imului	(unor) imuri	imurilor
vocative	imule		imurilor

Related terms

imos
ima

Scots

Pronoun

im

(South Scots, personal) him

Verb

im

(South Scots) First person singular simple present form of ti be

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /im/

Pronoun

im (Cyrillic spelling им)

to them (clitic dative plural of ȏn (“he”))
to them (clitic dative plural of òno (“it”))
to them (clitic dative plural of òna (“she”))
(clitic, emphatic, possessive, dative) their, of theirs
Gdje im je auto?
Where is their car?

Declension

Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Somali

Etymology

This verb has been postulated to have a Semitic origin due to its frequent usage with verbal prefixes common in Semitic languages such as timid (“you came”), yimid (“he came”), timid (“she came”), in which case Ge'ez እም (əm, “from”) is the likeliest source. Others posit these linguistic features to be remnants of Proto-Cushitic.

Verb

im/imaad

to come from; to arrive from somewhere

Sumerian

Romanization

im

Romanization of 𒅎 (im)
Romanization of 𒉎 (im)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Adjective

im • (㛪, 厭, 奄, 庵, 淹)

calm; silent; quiet; not talking anymore

Derived terms

im ắng (từ láy)
im lặng

Anagrams

mi

Welsh

Alternative forms

imi, i mi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪm/

Pronoun

im

(literary) first-person singular of i

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 241 → personal pronouns §3.2.4.1., from IE *me

[2] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pronoun im (my)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

[3] Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 196 → (m.) possessive pronoun im (my) / (f.) poss. pronoun ime (my)

[4] Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 323 → (m.pl) possessive pronoun (e/të) mi (my, (of) mine); (f.pl) poss. pronoun (e/të mia (my, (of) mine)

[5] Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 570 → (m./sg.) dat./abl. possessive pronoun tim (my, of mine); genitive poss. pronoun (i) tim (my, of mine)

[6] Martin Camaj (1984) Albanian grammar: with exercises, chrestomathy and glossaries, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, →ISBN, → (m.) possessive pronouns im, imi (my (of mine), mine); ime, imja (my (of mine), mine) (see → §134. - §136.: possessive pronouns and declension) pages 102-103]

[7] Olga Mišeska Tomić (2006) Balkan Sprachbund, Morpho-syntactic Features, Springer Science & Business Media, The Netherlands, →ISBN, pages 199-201]

[8] 7.) m./sg. noun im/imi; f.sg. noun ime/imja(kinsman, kinswoman) / m./pl. noun (të) mitë; f./pl. noun (të) mijat (kinfolks (m., f.)) • in FJALË, Fjalor Shqip (WORDS, Albanian Dictionary)

[9] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) chapter IM, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

[10] G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imb, imm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[11] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*amben-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

[12] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 134, page 70

[13] Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 101, page 40

[14] Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292

[15] Richard Allsopp, editor (1996), Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 292

		adjectives		pronouns
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		im	ynë	imi	yni
2nd person		yt	juaj	yti	juaji
3rd person	m	i tij	i tyre	i tiji	i tyri
3rd person	f	i saj	i tyre	i saji	i tyri
3rd person reflexive		i vet		i veti

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