in

㏌ U+33CC, ㏌ SQUARE IN ← ㏋ CJK Compatibility ㏍ →

in

1. (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-1 language code for Indonesian.

   Synonym: id (current)

• (stressed)
  • (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Audio (General Australian):

    (file)

• (unstressed)
  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA^(key): /ən/
  • (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophone: inn

PIE word
*h₁en

Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.

Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

• i' (colloquial, poetic)

in

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
   1. Contained by; inside.

      The dog is in the kennel.

      There were three pickles in a jar.

   2. Within the bounds or limits of.

      I like living in the city.

      There are lots of trees in the park.

      He sat in the chair.

      She stood in the front-desk spot.

      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

        GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.

   3. Surrounded by; among; amidst.

      We are in the enemy camp.

      Her plane is in the air.

      Waiter! There's a fly in my soup!

   5. Wearing (an item of clothing).

      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.

   6. Part of; a member of; out of; from among.

      You are one in a million.

      She's in an orchestra.

   8. During (a period of time).

      My birthday is in the first week of December.

      Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.

      The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

   10. Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.

       Will you be able to finish this in a week?

       The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

   12. At the end of (a period of time).

       They said they would call us in a week.

   13. (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.

       Many English nouns in -is form their plurals in -es.

2. Into.
   • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

     The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.

   Less water gets in your boots this way.

   She stood there looking in the window longingly.

3. Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
   • , J Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

     In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.

   In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.

   1. Indicating an order or arrangement.

      My fat rolls around in folds.

   3. Denoting a state of the subject.

      He stalked away in anger.

      John is in a coma.

   4. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.

      You've got a friend in me.

      He's met his match in her.

   6. Pertaining to; with regard to.

      There has been no change in his condition.

      What grade did he get in English?

4. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
   1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.

      Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.

      The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.

      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.

      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:

        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.

   2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

      Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.

      His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.

      When you write in cursive, it's illegible.

      Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

in (not comparable)

1. At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

   Suddenly a strange man walked in.

   Would you like that to take away or eat in?

   He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.

   • 1879, R J, chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., , →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

2. Towards the speaker or other reference point.

   They flew in from London last night.

   For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.

3. So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.

   Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.

4. After the beginning of something.
   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎:

     The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

   The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.

5. (in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.

   sing-in, pray-in, hug-in; see also be-in, love-in, sit-in, teach-in.

in (plural ins)

1. A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.

   His parents got him an in with the company.

   • 1987 February 1, T. R. Witomski, “Zeitgeist or Poltergeist? Why Gay Books Are So Bad”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 28, page 9:

     Holleran's and White's diminishing capacities as writers does not affect their publishing ins': the writer the house knows is always better than the writer the house doesn't know.

2. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.

   Antonym: out

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, page 192:

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

3. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.

• out

• ins and outs

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.

   Is Mr. Smith in?

2. (not comparable) Located inside something.

   Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.

   The bullet is about five centimetres in.

3. (sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.

   If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.

4. Inserted or fitted into something.

   I've discovered why the TV wasn't working – the plug wasn't in!

5. Having been collected or received.

   The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.

6. In fashion; popular.

   Skirts are in this year.

   • 1996, “The Great Southern Trendkill”, performed by Pantera:

     Pierce a new hole
     If Hell was in you'd give your soul
     To the great southern trendkill

7. Incoming.

   the in train

8. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
9. Of the tide, at or near its highest level.

   You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.

10. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin^[1]

    in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband

11. (cricket) Currently batting.
12. Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.

    He is very in with the Joneses.

    • 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:

      “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
      “Why would he do that?”
      “I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
      “Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
      “All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”

13. (informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.

    I need to keep in with the neighbours in case I ever need a favour from them.

    I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!

    • 2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “Could Well Be In”:

      I saw this thing on ITV the other week,
      Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen
      She's playing with her hair, well regularly,
      So I reckon I could well be in.

14. (of fire or fuel) (British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Burning; ablaze.
    • 1888, H.C. O’Neill, Edith A. Barnett, Our Nurses and the Work They Have to Do‎, page 81:

      Blocks of compressed coal keep the fire in for a long time, but they give out very little heat.

    • 1894, Henry Kingsley, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn - Volume 2‎, page 183:

      “At all events,” said the Doctor, “the fire’s in, and here’s the camp-oven, too. Somebody will be here soon. I will go in and light my pipe.”

    • 1901, William Francis Barry, The Wizard’s Knot‎, page 231:

      Was there any person in your own house at Renmore to keep the fire in while you were here?.

    • 2011, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Eagle of the Ninth Chronicles‎:

      Normally when they camped in the wild they took turns to sit up and keep the fire in while the others slept, […].

    • 2019, A.L.Lester, Shadows on the Border‎:

      He turned and started making up the range to keep the fire in overnight, and heard the front door click and Grant’s motor fire up. Sleep. He needed to sleep.

15. Having used, consumed , or invested a certain amount.

    I'm three drinks in right now.

    I was 500 dollars in when the stock crashed.

• → Portuguese: in

• in.

in (plural ins or in)

1. Abbreviation of inch; inches.

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

• N.I., NI, ni

in

1. he; she

From Dutch in, from Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

• IPA^(key): /ən/

• Audio:

  (file)

in

1. in; inside; within

in

1. in
2. into

• daarin
• hierin
• innie

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /in/

in

1. Alternative form of ina (“in, on, at”)

in

1. water

• Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

in

1. water

• Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia

in

1. the.

• IPA^(key): /in/

in

1. we (exclusive)

• in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.

• Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar‎, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

in

1. one

From English in.

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) in fashion; popular

• out (au¹)

Clipping of English interview.

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to interview
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Clipping of English integrate.

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, mathematics) to integrate

• d (di¹, “to differentiate”)

• English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

in

1. mother

From Middle High German in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).

in

1. (Luserna, Sette Comuni, + dative) in

• inn (Sette Comuni)

From Middle High German in, from Old High German inan, from Proto-Germanic *inǭ.

in

1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him

• en

in

1. (Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. accusative singular masculine
   2. dative plural

• von (contraction)

Cimbrian definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	dar	de / di	's / z	de / di
Accusative	in	de / di	's / z	de / di
Dative	me	dar	me	in

• “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter , Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

in

1. the

in, īn

1. (demonstrative) this; these

• inin
• inon

• on

• Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, page Loc 1408

in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)

1. (colloquial) fashionable, in

• yt

From Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -ɪn

in

1. in, inside
2. (postpositional) into

   De jongen rende het huis in.

   The boy ran into the house.

in

1. in (expressing containment)

   De geest in de fles

   the genie in the bottle

• binnen

• uit
• buiten

• Afrikaans: in
• Jersey Dutch: än, in

in (used only predicatively, not comparable)

1. in style

in

1. inflection of innen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.

• IPA^(key): /in/
• Hyphenation: in

in (adverbial)

1. (genitive case) of it, of them

   Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.

   Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).

2. (genitive case) about it, about them

   A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.

   I talked to you about it yesterday.

3. (ablative case) from here

   A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.

   I am tired, I am leaving (from here).

• Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).

  A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

• Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).

  Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)

• Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

  Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)

Borrowed from English in.

• IPA^(key): /ˈin/,
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation^(key): in

in (informal)

1. in, popular (in fashion)
   • 1985, Jukka Karjalainen (lyrics and music), “Mikä mahtaa olla in?”, in Doris, performed by J. Karjalainen ja mustat lasit:

     Tee niin, tee näin, olet in, in, in,
     Olet keskipiste koko kaupungin

     Do this, do that, you will be in, in, in,
     You will be the centre of the whole city

   • 1991, “Oot maalainen”, in Juha Vainio (lyrics), Viiskymppisen viisut, performed by Juha Vainio:

     Kuiskaan silloin hiljaa: «mie viljele en viljaa;
     oon vihdoin in»!

     So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
     I'm finally in"!

• out

• “in”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

• -ni

From Latin in.

in

1. in

• IPA^(key): /ʔɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

From Middle High German in, from Old High German in.

in

1. in, inside, within, at (inside a building)

   Es ist im (in dem) Haus. ― It is in the house.

   Ich habe die Schlüssel im (in dem) Kühlschrank gefunden. ― I found the keys in the refrigerator.

   Unsere Kinder sind in der Schule. ― Our kids are at school.

   Er ist in einem Café. ― He is at a coffee shop.

   Letzte Nacht waren sie im (in dem) Club. ― They were at the club last night.

2. in (pertaining to)

   in diesem Sinne ― in this/that sense

3. in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)

   Er schloss sein Studium im (in dem) Alter von vierzehn. ― He completed his studies at/by the age of fourteen.

   im (in dem) Alter ― in old age

   im (in dem) Mittelalter ― during the middle ages

   in den 1960er Jahren ― in the 1960s

4. into, to (going inside (of))

   Er geht ins (in das) Haus. ― He goes into the house.

   Wir gehen in die Schweiz. ― We are going to Switzerland.

   Wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein. ― We are coming into a new age.

The preposition in is used with the accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with the dative case if the verb shows location.

• (in + dem) im m or n
• (in + das) ins n
• in der Zwickmühle stecken

in

1. (dated) Contraction of in den.

Borrowed from English in.

in (indeclinable, predicative only)

1. in, popular (in fashion)

Indeclinable, predicative-only.

• “in” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883) “in”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

in

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽

For pronunciation and definitions of in – see 𪜶 (“they; them; their; theirs; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 𪜶).

in

1. in

in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)

1. Alternative form of i

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

From Latin in.

in

1. in; on
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!

     How they row well on the high seas!

From Latin in.

• IPA^(key): /ˈin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: ìn

in

1. in

   Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have something in my pocket.

   Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.

   Vado in quinta elementare. ― I'm in fifth grade.

2. to

   Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.

3. into
4. by

   Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.

5. on

   Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.

   Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.

6. marker of way or manner

   riso in bianco ― plain rice (literally, “rice in white”)

   camminare in punta di piedi ― to walk on the tips of one's toes

• When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:

in + article	Combined form
in + il	nel
in + lo	nello
in + l'	nell'
in + i	nei
in + gli	negli
in + la	nella
in + le	nelle

• in quadrupedia

• ni, nì

in

1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

• The nasal vowel IPA^(key): /ĩ/

in (upper case In)

1. A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

From Proto-Turkic.

in

1. shoulder

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

From Proto-Turkic *īn.

in

1. hole

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

in

1. in

• en, endo, indu (Old Latin)

From earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognate with English in.

The ablative is from the locative, and the accusative is from the directional.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /in/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /in/,

in (+ ablative)

1. in, at, on, upon, from (space)
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • Seneca

     venenum in auro bibitur

     Poison is drunk from a gold cup.

2. under, within, in
   • 70 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Eclogues 1.4:

     lentus in umbrā

     sluggish under the shade

3. during, within, while in (time)
4. about, respecting, concerning (of reference)
5. among
   • Vulgate, Gospel of St. John 1:14:

     Et Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis :

     And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us,

   • Vulgate, Gospel of St. Luke 1:28:

     Et ingressus angelus ad eam dixit : Ave gratia plena : Dominus tecum : benedicta tu in mulieribus.

     And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

in (+ accusative)

1. into, to
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

2. toward, towards, against, at

   Gallī in Rōmānōs incurrunt. ― The Gauls are rushing against the Romans.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.6:

     Scelera in se fratris

     The brother’s crimes against himself

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.12:

     in adversum Romani subiere

     The Romans marched against their enemy

3. until, for
4. about
5. according to
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.19:

     generatimque distributi in civitates

     and being distributed in tribes according to their respective nations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

• ex

From Latin in.

• IPA^(key): /iŋ/

in

1. in

in + article	Combined form
in + o	ne-o
in + a	ne-a
in + i	ne-i
in + e	ne-e

• inte

With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).

• IPA^(key): /in/

in

1. a, an (male)

• This form is found:
  • in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
  • after words ending in /ŋ/

• ind (followed by article)
• en, èn (Eastern orthographies)

From Latin in.

• IPA^(key): /in/, /iŋ/ (Western)
• IPA^(key): /en/, , (Eastern)

in

1. in

• When followed by a definite or indefinite article, it's replaced by ind.

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

in

1. Alternative form of un

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):

in (Raguileo spelling)

1. To eat.
2. first-person singular realis form of in

• kofketun
• ilotun

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

• (phonetic) IPA^(key):
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jinʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {yin}

in

1. to

in

1. grass skirt

• ōr

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

in

1. this (thing close to us both)
2. demonstrative, first person inclusive singular

• -in

in

1. of
2. from
3. for

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

in

1. in, inside, within
2. into
3. within (a time period)
4. in (a condition)

• Dutch: in
  • Afrikaans: in
• Limburgish: in

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

in

1. Contraction of ic ne.

• “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “in (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI

From Old English inn.

• inn, inne, ine, yn, ynne

• IPA^(key): /in/

in (plural innes)

2. Any kind of accommodation; particularly:
   1. A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accommodation.
   2. An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.
   3. A camp used by an army; barracks.
3. A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
   • 1387–1400, Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published , →OCLC, folio 62, recto:

     For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In

     For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.

4. A dormitory; housing for students.

• English: inn
• Scots: inn

• “in, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-02.

From Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

• ine, i, yn, yne, en, i, an, y

• IPA^(key): /in/, /iː/, /i/, /ən/

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
      1. inside, within (a text or document)
      2. inside, within (one's mind)
      3. inside, in, indoors of.
      4. amongst, in a crowd of.
   2. wearing, having on, clad in
   3. in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
      1. affected by, under the influence of.
      2. held by someone, in someone's grasp
      3. owned by someone, in someone's control
   4. inside, at or on a location or place.
   5. secured with; bound with
   6. in the midst of, while, currently doing
   7. in (pieces or portions), into.
   8. about; of, on the matter of.
3. in the form, way, or manner of.
4. on, above, on top of.
5. facing at, in the direction of.
6. Being one of a set or group.
7. Being owned by; in one's possession.
8. due to, as, for the reason that.
9. versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
10. using, utilising, with the means of.
11. (rare) with, in the company of.

in is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.

• English: in
• Scots: in, i, i'
• Yola: ing, in, yn, i, ee, eee

• “in, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.

From Old English inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.

• inne, yne, yn, hyn

• IPA^(key): /in/

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by.
   2. inside, in, in the centre of.
   3. in a quality or mode.
3. in towards, in the direction of.
4. on, on top of; above
5. using, utilising, with the means of.

• English: in
• Scots: in

• “in, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.

in

1. Alternative form of hine

in

1. man (adult male)

• A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)

in

1. construct particle; of, relating to

in

1. at
2. in
3. on

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈin/

in

1. first-person singular present of ii

• inn (adjective)

From English in.

in (singular and plural in)

1. popular

• “in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• ni

• inn (adjective)

From English in.

in (singular and plural in)

1. popular

• “in” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• ni

• ᛁᚾ (in) — Franks Casket

From Proto-Germanic *in.

• IPA^(key): /in/

in (Anglian)

1. in
   • 10th century, The Wanderer:

     Forðon dōmġeorne · drēoriġne oft
     in hyra brēostcofan · bindað fæste;

     Therefore, eager for glory men oft bind tightly in their breast-chambers the sad one.

In the West Saxon dialect, this word was replaced by on during the separate prehistory of Old English. However, it was still used as a prefix to form many words such as ingang (“entrance”), inġewinn (“civil war”), inġeþanc (“inner thoughts”), inlendisċ (“native”), intinga (“cause”), and inweorc (“indoor work”), and it was still implied by derived adverbs such as inne (“inside”), innan (“from the inside”), and inn (“in,” adverb).

• Middle English: in
  • English: in
  • Scots: in

From Proto-Germanic *inn.

in

1. Alternative form of inn

From Proto-West Germanic *in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

in

1. in

• Middle High German: in
  • Bavarian: i

    Cimbrian: inn, in (preposition)

  • Central Franconian: en, ön, on
  • German: in
  • Luxembourgish: an
  • Rhine Franconian: in, en
    • Pennsylvania German: in
  • Yiddish: אין (in)

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

in

1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
2. Alternative spelling of ind

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

• Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
• Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.

Case	Singular			Dual			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	in int (before vowels)	ind int (before ṡ)	a	in dá	in dí	in dá	ind	inna
Accusative	in						inna
Genitive	ind int (before ṡ)	inna	ind int (before ṡ)	in dá
Dative	dond; dont (before ṡ) cossind; cossint (before ṡ) etc.			don dib cossin dib etc.			donaib cosnaib etc.
	Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond (“to the”), cossind (“with the”), etc.

• insin
• inso

• Irish: an
• Scottish Gaelic: an
• Manx: yn

Unknown. Probably related to Middle Welsh a (interrogative particle). The n may be from Proto-Celtic *ne (compare Latin -ne (interrogative particle).^[1] Has been compared to Latin an (“or, whether”, interrogative particle).^[2]

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. interrogative particle forming yes-no questions

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

• duús in

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?

in

1. Alternative form of i (“in”) (often before cach, cech (“each, every”) and for (“your pl”))

Probably originally the masculine/neuter dative singular of the definite article (see Etymology 1); compare Middle Welsh and Welsh yn.^[3]

in

1. Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

in

1. inflection of inn:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

From Proto-Germanic *in.

in

1. in

in

1. in

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in (“in”). Doublet of em.

in

1. found in the given reference

• em

Unadapted borrowing from English in.

in (invariable)

1. in fashion

   Synonym: na moda

From Latin in (“in”).

• (Central Romagnol): IPA^(key):

• (Ville Unite):

in

1. in, into
   • 2024, Franco Alpini, Andrea Alpini, La Bébia In Dialét Rumagnól, Genesis 1:1:

     In te prinzipi Dio e creét i zil e la tèra.

     In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

2. by

   A vég a Ravèna in bicicléta.

   I go to Ravenna by bike.

Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 289

Inherited from Latin līnum (“flax”).

• IPA^(key): /in/

in n (plural inuri)

1. flax

• inar
• ie

• egn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• ün (Puter, Vallader)

From Latin ūnus.

in m (feminine ina)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

in m (feminine ina)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

From Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

• IPA^(key): /in/
• IPA^(key): (often before vowels)

in

1. in, into

• in d'

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

• i', i (apocopic)

From Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

• IPA^(key): /in/

in

1. in

   Soggu in sigunda erementari ― I'm in second grade

   Canti seddi in crassi tóia? ― How many are you in your class?

   Paràuri ischritti in rùiu ― Words written in red

   Fabeddàbani in sassaresu ― They were speaking (in) Sassarese

   • 1866, chapter III, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎ (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 1, page 7:

     In chissi dì poi vinisi Giuanni Battilta pridigghendi in lu diseltu di la Giudea

     In those days, then came John the Baptist, preaching in the desert of Judaea

   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poetry]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:

     E s’ammenta di nommi immintigaddi,
     un basgiu dazi a facci risurani,
     chi più no li vidia che in sonni fei

     And she remembers forgotten names, gives a kiss to smiling faces she would only see again in nightmares

     (literally, “And she remembers herself of forgotten names, a kiss gives to laughing faces, which she didn't see anymore except in bad dreams”)

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

From Old Frisian in, from Proto-West Germanic *in. Cognates include West Frisian yn and German in.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/
• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -ɪn

in (neuter or distal adverb deerin, proximal adverb hierin, interrogative adverb wierin)

1. in, inside
2. in, into

• ien

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “in”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьnъ.

in (Cyrillic spelling ин)

1. (rare, archaic) other

   Synonym: drugi

Budmani, Pero (1887-1891), "Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika" Volume III, p. 827

From Proto-Slavic *i.

• IPA^(key): /in/

• Audio:

  (file)

in

1. and

• i (dialectal)

in

1. Romanization of 𒅔 (in)

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

in

1. into, to in

   Antonym: ut (“to out”)

   Han gick in ― He walked in ("to in")

   Han gick inne ― He was walking around inside (for comparison)

   De går in ― They're walking in ("to in")

   Han gick in i rummet ― He walked into the room

   Han är inne i rummet ― He is in the room

• inne (“in as a location, inside”)
• inåt (“inwards”)

• in in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• in in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• in in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• ni

• IPA^(key): /in/
• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -in

From Ottoman Turkish این (in),^[1] from Proto-Turkic *īn (“lair, burrow”)^[2][3]

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰤 (in), Turkmen hīn, Southern Altai ийин (iyin), Kazakh ін (ın), Yakut иин (iin).

in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)^[4][5][6]

1. lair, den, burrow
2. cave

Inflection
Nominative	in
Definite accusative	ini
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	in	inler
Definite accusative	ini	inleri
Dative	ine	inlere
Locative	inde	inlerde
Ablative	inden	inlerden
Genitive	inin	inlerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular inim inlerim 2nd singular inin inlerin 3rd singular ini inleri 1st plural inimiz inlerimiz 2nd plural ininiz inleriniz 3rd plural inleri inleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular inimi inlerimi 2nd singular inini inlerini 3rd singular inini inlerini 1st plural inimizi inlerimizi 2nd plural ininizi inlerinizi 3rd plural inlerini inlerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular inime inlerime 2nd singular inine inlerine 3rd singular inine inlerine 1st plural inimize inlerimize 2nd plural ininize inlerinize 3rd plural inlerine inlerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular inimde inlerimde 2nd singular ininde inlerinde 3rd singular ininde inlerinde 1st plural inimizde inlerimizde 2nd plural ininizde inlerinizde 3rd plural inlerinde inlerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular inimden inlerimden 2nd singular ininden inlerinden 3rd singular ininden inlerinden 1st plural inimizden inlerimizden 2nd plural ininizden inlerinizden 3rd plural inlerinden inlerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular inimin inlerimin 2nd singular ininin inlerinin 3rd singular ininin inlerinin 1st plural inimizin inlerimizin 2nd plural ininizin inlerinizin 3rd plural inlerinin inlerinin

in

1. second-person singular imperative of inmek

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key):
• (Saigon) IPA^(key):

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”, SV: ấn).

in

1. to print

• máy in (“printer”)
• in ấn (“printing”)

in

1. (only in compounds) perfectly fitted

• ni

in

1. in
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VII:

     E kis-li? Logol cipi in log bloda olik, e bemi in log olik no küpol!

     Why do you observe the splinter in your brother’s eye and never notice the great log in your own?

   • 1940, “Pötü yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:

     In Siyop ya dü yels mödik krigastad bevü Yapän e Tsyinän dareigon, ed in Yurop krig jenon bevü Deutän e Polän, Linglän e Fransän, e bevü Rusän e Suomiyän.

     In Asia, a state of war has been going on for years between Japan and China, and in Europe war is being waged between Germany and Poland, England and France, and between Russia and Finland.

• i ni, inni

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

in

1. (literary) first-person plural of i

Shortened from ien (“one”).

• IPA^(key): /ən/

in

1. a, an; indefinite article

• “in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

in

1. Alternative form of ing (“in”)
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

     At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.

     Who by misluck was placed to drive in.

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

     A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

     A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

     An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

     And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

     Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

     There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:

     Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.

     Likewise my bees die in their hive.

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 84

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ĩ̄/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /ĩ́/

in

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /ĩ/)

ín

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /ĩ/)

• IPA^(key): /ĩ̀/

ìn

1. (Ekiti) you, Alternative form of ẹ (“(second-person plural or honorific personal pronoun)”)

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”).

• IPA^(key): /ǐn/

ín

1. house

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
• Philip Thanglienmang (2014) “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, numbers 1-2, →ISSN