inimicus

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *enamīkos. Equivalent to in- (“not”) +‎ amīcus (“friend”).

Pronunciation

Noun

inimīcus m (genitive inimīcī); second declension

  1. enemy, foe (someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else)
    Synonym: hostis

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative inimīcus inimīcī
Genitive inimīcī inimīcōrum
Dative inimīcō inimīcīs
Accusative inimīcum inimīcōs
Ablative inimīcō inimīcīs
Vocative inimīce inimīcī

Descendants

Adjective

inimīcus (feminine inimīca, neuter inimīcum, comparative inimicior, superlative inimicissimus); first/second-declension adjective

  1. unfriendly, hostile, inimical
    Synonyms: hostīlis, īnfestus, īnfēnsus, oblīquus, adversus, dīversus, āversus, inīquus
    Antonyms: affābilis, amīcābilis, facilis, benevolēns
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.67–68:
      “Gēns inimīca mihī Tyrrhēnum nāvigat aequor,
      Īlium in Ītaliam portāns vīctōsque Penātēs.”
      “A race inimical to me is sailing the calm Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Ilium to Italy, along with conquered household-gods.”
      (Juno is describing the Trojan war survivors led by Aeneas. See: Tyrrhenian Sea; Troy; Di Penates.)
  2. injurious

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative inimīcus inimīca inimīcum inimīcī inimīcae inimīca
Genitive inimīcī inimīcae inimīcī inimīcōrum inimīcārum inimīcōrum
Dative inimīcō inimīcō inimīcīs
Accusative inimīcum inimīcam inimīcum inimīcōs inimīcās inimīca
Ablative inimīcō inimīcā inimīcō inimīcīs
Vocative inimīce inimīca inimīcum inimīcī inimīcae inimīca

Descendants

References

  • “inimicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “inimicus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • inimicus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • inimicus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). →ISBN. page 180.
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