inquam

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Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin īnseque, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enskʷet, *h₁en-prefixed form of the thematic aorist of Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (to say).

Pronunciation

Verb

inquam (perfect active inquiī); irregular conjugation, irregular, highly defective

  1. to say
    Synonyms: aio, for, dīcō, loquor, alloquor, effor, oro
    • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.572–573:
      Tun' te Philocratem esse ais? — Ego, inquam.
      So, you claim to be Philocrates, you say? — I certainly say that.
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.20:
      "Haec ut intellegatis," inquit, "a me sincere pronuntiari, audite Romanos milites"
      "In order that you may be assured," he said, "that I sincerely announce these things, listen to the Roman soldiers!"

Usage notes

  • Used to introduce a quotation, platitude, or logical argument.

Conjugation

This verb is largely conjugated as if it were *inquiō (3rd conjugation) in present tenses and *inquō (also 3rd conjugation) in perfect tenses except 1st person singular. However, there is an unusual first person singular present form inquam (cf. the athematic verb sum). This form was possibly derived from *h₁enskʷom, the 1st person singular indicative form of Proto-Indo-European *h₁enskʷet (an aorist verb).

   Conjugation of inquam (irregular, highly defective)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present inquam inquis inquit inquimus inquitis inquiunt
imperfect inquiēbat
future inquiēs inquiet
perfect inquiī inquistī inquit
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present inquiat
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present inque
future inquitō inquitō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives
participles inquiēns

Descendants

  • Sicilian: nca (interjection)

References

  • inquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • inquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • inquam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.