From Old High German ir, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a variant of *jūz.
ir
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire |
ir
ir
Either the old word for "copper" or some derivation from it: Old Danish eer (“copper”), Old Norse eir, from Proto-Germanic *aiz.
ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)
ir
From Old Galician-Portuguese ir, from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.
ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle ido)
ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fum or fui, past participle ido, reintegrationist norm)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ir | |||||
Personal | ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | iren |
Gerund | ||||||
indo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ido | idos | ||||
Feminine | ida | idas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | vou | vas | vai | imos | ides | van |
Imperfect | ía | ías | ía | iamos | iades | ían |
Preterite | fun | fuches | foi | fomos | fostes | foron |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | foramos | forades | foran |
Future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | iredes | irán |
Conditional | iría | irías | iría | iriamos | iriades | irían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vaia | vaias | vaia | vaiamos | vaiades | vaian |
Imperfect | fose | foses | fose | fósemos | fósedes | fosen |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | foren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vai | vaia | vamos | ide | vaian | |
Negative (non) | non vaias | non vaia | non vaiamos | non vaiades | non vaian |
1Less recommended.
From Latin īre, active present infinitive of eō; which its conjugation also influenced by French aller (present indicatives vais, vas, va, and vont all from Latin vadō).
ir
From Proto-Alor–Pantar *jira.
ir
Inherited from Old Spanish ir (“to go”), from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.[1]
ir (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling איר)[2]
Shortened form of irā, from Proto-Baltic *irā. Akin to Latvian ir.
ir
Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).
ir n sg (indeclinable, no genitive)
Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular, singular only.
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | ir |
genitive | — |
dative | — |
accusative | ir |
ablative | — |
vocative | — |
From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.[1]
ir
From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).[1]
ir
ir
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“and, also”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“and, even”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, so”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “so, then, consequently”). If the original meaning was "fittingly, accordingly", the root may be identical to *h₂er- (“fit together”), see artì (“near”) for more.
Proto-Slavic *i (“and, even”) is probably not related.
ir̃
ir̃
From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Compare German ihr.
ir
ir - instituut voor de Nederlandse taal
ir
ir
ir
From Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
ir
From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.
ir
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | ir |
3rd person | er, si, s | sei |
From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
ir
Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | ih (ihha, ihcha) |
mīn | mir | mih | |
Second | dū | dīn | dir | dih | ||
Third | Masculine | er (her) | (sīn) | imu, imo | inan, in | |
Feminine | siu; sī, si | ira (iru, iro) | iru, iro | sia | ||
Neuter | iz | es, is | imu, imo | iz | ||
Plural | First | wir | unsēr | uns | unsih | |
Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih | ||
Third | Masculine | sie | iro | im, in | sie | |
Feminine | sio | iro | im, in | sio | ||
Neuter | siu | iro | im, in | siu | ||
Polite form | Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih |
From Old East Norse *īʀ (compare West Norse ér), from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of *jūz.
īr
first person | second person | reflexive | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | ||||||
nominative | iak, iæk | þū | — | han | hōn | þæt |
accusative | mik, mek | þik | sik | han | hana, hōna | þæt |
dative | mǣ(r), mik | þǣ(r), þik | sǣ(r), sik | hōnum, hānum | hænni | þȳ, þī |
genitive | mīn | þīn | sīn | hans | hænna(r) | þæs |
dual | ||||||
nominative | vit | it | — | — | — | — |
accusative | oker | *iker | sik | — | — | — |
dative | oker | *iker | sǣr, sik | — | — | — |
genitive | okar | *ikar | sīn | — | — | — |
plural | ||||||
nominative | vī(r) | ī(r) | — | þē(r) | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
accusative | os, ōs | iþer | sik | þā | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
dative | os, ōs | iþer | sǣr, sik | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom |
genitive | vār | iþar | sīn | þēra | þēra | þēra |
Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.
ir
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.
ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)
The use of auxiliary ir with lexical ir (e.g. Eu vou ir para casa “I'm going to go home”) is sometimes proscribed. A single ir (Eu vou para casa, even though this also means the present “I'm going home”) or the future tense form (Eu irei para casa, which is rather formal) can be used instead.
Usually used in the preterite and with the pronoun preceding the verb:
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ir | |||||
Personal | ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | irem |
Gerund | ||||||
indo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ido | idos | ||||
Feminine | ida | idas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | vou | vais | vai | vamos | ides | vão |
Imperfect | ia | ias | ia | íamos | íeis | iam |
Preterite | fui | foste | foi | fomos | fostes | foram |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | fôramos | fôreis | foram |
Future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | ireis | irão |
Conditional | iria | irias | iria | iríamos | iríeis | iriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vá | vás | vá | vamos | vades | vão |
Imperfect | fosse | fosses | fosse | fôssemos | fôsseis | fossem |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | forem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vai | vá | vamos | ide | vão | |
Negative (não) | não vás | não vá | não vamos | não vades | não vão |
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ir.
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding conjugations of vādere, and those beginning with /m/ presumably from meāre.
ir
infinitive | ir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | mond | |||||
past participle | iu | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | mon | vas | va | mein | meis | van |
imperfect | evel | evas | eva | evan | evas | evan |
future | vegnel a ir | vegns a ir | vegn a ir | vegnin a ir | vegnis a ir | vegnan a ir |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
direct present | mass | masses | mass | massen | masses | massen |
indirect present | massi | massies | massi | massien | massies | massien |
direct future | vegness a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegness a ir | vegnessen a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegnessen a ir |
indirect future | vegnessi a ir | vegnessies a ir | vegnessi a ir | vegnessien a ir | vegnessies a ir | vegnessien a ir |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | mondi | mondies | mondi | meien | meies | mondien |
past | evi | evies | evi | evien | evies | evien |
future | vegni a ir | vegnies a ir | vegni a ir | vegnîen a ir | vegnîes a ir | vegnien a ir |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
va | mei |
infinitive | ir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | giond | |||||
past participle | ì | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | vom | vas | va | giain | giais | van |
imperfect | gieva | gievas | gieva | gievan | gievas | gievan |
future | vegnel a ir | vegns a ir | vegn a ir | vegnin a ir | vegnis a ir | vegnan a ir |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | giess | giesses | giess | giessen | giesses | giessen |
future | vegness a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegness a ir | vegnessen a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegnessen a ir |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | giaja | giajas | giaja | giajan | giajas | giajan |
future | vegni a ir | vegnies a ir | vegni a ir | vegnîen a ir | vegnîes a ir | vegnien a ir |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
va | giai |
ir
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.[1]
ir (first-person singular present voy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)
infinitive | ir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | yendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ido | ida | |||||
plural | idos | idas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | voy | vas | va | vamos | vais | van | |
imperfect | iba | ibas | iba | íbamos | ibais | iban | |
preterite | fui | fuiste | fue | fuimos | fuisteis | fueron | |
future | iré | irás | irá | iremos | iréis | irán | |
conditional | iría | irías | iría | iríamos | iríais | irían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vaya | vayastú vayásvos2 |
vaya | vayamos | vayáis | vayan | |
imperfect (ra) |
fuera | fueras | fuera | fuéramos | fuerais | fueran | |
imperfect (se) |
fuese | fueses | fuese | fuésemos | fueseis | fuesen | |
future1 | fuere | fueres | fuere | fuéremos | fuereis | fueren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vetú andávos |
vaya | vamos, vayamos | id | vayan | ||
negative | no vayas | no vaya | no vayamos | no vayáis | no vayan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ir | dative | irme | irte | irle, irse | irnos | iros | irles, irse |
accusative | irme | irte | irlo, irla, irse | irnos | iros | irlos, irlas, irse | |
with gerund yendo | dative | yéndome | yéndote | yéndole, yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndoles, yéndose |
accusative | yéndome | yéndote | yéndolo, yéndola, yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndolos, yéndolas, yéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ve | dative | veme | vete | vele | venos | not used | veles |
accusative | veme | vete | velo, vela | venos | not used | velos, velas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative andá | dative | andame | andate | andale | andanos | not used | andales |
accusative | andame | andate | andalo, andala | andanos | not used | andalos, andalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative vaya | dative | váyame | not used | váyale, váyase | váyanos | not used | váyales |
accusative | váyame | not used | váyalo, váyala, váyase | váyanos | not used | váyalos, váyalas | |
with first-person plural imperative vamos, vayamos | dative | not used | vámoste, vayámoste | vámosle, vayámosle | vámonos, vayámonos | vámoos, vayámoos | vámosles, vayámosles |
accusative | not used | vámoste, vayámoste | vámoslo, vayámoslo, vámosla, vayámosla | vámonos, vayámonos | vámoos, vayámoos | vámoslos, vayámoslos, vámoslas, vayámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative id | dative | idme | not used | idle | idnos | idos, iros | idles |
accusative | idme | not used | idlo, idla | idnos | idos, iros | idlos, idlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative vayan | dative | váyanme | not used | váyanle | váyannos | not used | váyanles, váyanse |
accusative | váyanme | not used | váyanlo, váyanla | váyannos | not used | váyanlos, váyanlas, váyanse |
infinitive | irse | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | yéndose | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ido | ida | |||||
plural | idos | idas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
personal non-finite | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
infinitive | irme | irte | irse | irnos | iros | irse | |
gerund | yéndome | yéndote | yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndose | |
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me voy | te vas | se va | nos vamos | os vais | se van | |
imperfect | me iba | te ibas | se iba | nos íbamos | os ibais | se iban | |
preterite | me fui | te fuiste | se fue | nos fuimos | os fuisteis | se fueron | |
future | me iré | te irás | se irá | nos iremos | os iréis | se irán | |
conditional | me iría | te irías | se iría | nos iríamos | os iríais | se irían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me vaya | te vayastú te vayásvos2 |
se vaya | nos vayamos | os vayáis | se vayan | |
imperfect (ra) |
me fuera | te fueras | se fuera | nos fuéramos | os fuerais | se fueran | |
imperfect (se) |
me fuese | te fueses | se fuese | nos fuésemos | os fueseis | se fuesen | |
future1 | me fuere | te fueres | se fuere | nos fuéremos | os fuereis | se fueren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vetetú andatevos |
váyase | vámonos, vayámonos | idos, iros | váyanse | ||
negative | no te vayas | no se vaya | no nos vayamos | no os vayáis | no se vayan |
ir
From Proto-Brythonic *ir (compare Cornish yr), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (compare Irish úr), from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”). Doublet of pur.
ir (feminine singular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
ir | unchanged | unchanged | hir |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
ir