isern

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Middle High German

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Inherited from Old High German īsarn, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈiːs̠ərn/

    Noun

    īsern n

    1. iron

    Declension

    Declension of īsern (neuter, class 1 strong)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein daȥ īsern diu īsern
    genitive eines dës īsernes dër īserne
    dative eime dëm īserne dën īsernen
    accusative ein daȥ īsern diu īsern

    Descendants

    References

    Old English

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Cognates

    Cognates include Old Frisian īsern (West Frisian izer), Old Saxon īsarn (Low German Iesen), Old Dutch *īsarn (Dutch ijzer), Old High German īsarn (German Eisen), Old Norse járn (Swedish järn), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn), Old Irish īärn (Irish iarann, Welsh haearn).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    īsern n (nominative plural īsern)

    1. the metal iron
    2. an instrument or tool made from iron, especially an iron sword
      • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5‎:
        Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.
        I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.
    3. an iron shackle or fetter

    Declension

    Strong a-stem:

    singular plural
    nominative īsern īsern
    accusative īsern īsern
    genitive īsernes īserna
    dative īserne īsernum

    Adjective

    īsern

    1. consisting or made of iron
      • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
        ⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...
        And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...

    Declension

    Declension of īsern — Strong
    Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative īsern īsern īsern
    Accusative īserne īserne īsern
    Genitive īsernes īsernre īsernes
    Dative īsernum īsernre īsernum
    Instrumental īserne īsernre īserne
    Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative īserne īserna, īserne īsern
    Accusative īserne īserna, īserne īsern
    Genitive īsernra īsernra īsernra
    Dative īsernum īsernum īsernum
    Instrumental īsernum īsernum īsernum
    Declension of īsern — Weak
    Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative īserna īserne īserne
    Accusative īsernan īsernan īserne
    Genitive īsernan īsernan īsernan
    Dative īsernan īsernan īsernan
    Instrumental īsernan īsernan īsernan
    Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative īsernan īsernan īsernan
    Accusative īsernan īsernan īsernan
    Genitive īsernra, īsernena īsernra, īsernena īsernra, īsernena
    Dative īsernum īsernum īsernum
    Instrumental īsernum īsernum īsernum

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    Old Frisian

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Noun

    īsern n

    1. iron (metal)

    Declension

    Declension of īsern (neuter a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative īsern īsern
    accusative īsern īsern
    genitive īsernes īserna
    dative īserne īsernum, īsernem

    Descendants

    References

    • Hofmann, Dietrich, Tjerk Popkema, Anne with co-op. Gisela Hofmann (2008) Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch [Old Frisian Concise Dictionary]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN
    • Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)
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