ith (not comparable)
From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.
ith (plural iths)
From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian ìš, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).
ith
ith (aorist itha, participle ithur)
From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.
ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
in parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
past | duas | duais | duaidh sé, sí | duamair | duabhair | duadar | a dhuaidh / ar dhuaidh* | duadh |
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ith | n-ith | hith | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.
ith n (genitive etho, no plural)
Neuter u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ithN | — | — |
Vocative | ithN | — | — |
Accusative | ithN | — | — |
Genitive | ethoH, athoH | — | — |
Dative | ithL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
ith
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ith | unchanged | n-ith |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.
ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | |||
independent | past | dh'ith mi | dh'ith thu | dh'ith e/i | dh'ith sinn | dh'ith sibh | dh'ith iad | dh'itheadh |
future | ithidh mi | ithidh tu | ithidh e/i | ithidh sinn | ithidh sibh | ithidh iad | ithear ithtear | |
conditional | dh'ithinn | dh'itheadh tu | dh'itheadh e/i | dh'itheamaid dh'itheadh sinn |
dh'itheadh sibh | dh'itheadh iad | dh'ithteadh dh'ithist(e)1 | |
negative | past | cha do dh'ith mi | cha do dh'ith thu | cha do dh'ith e/i | cha do dh'ith sinn | cha do dh'ith sibh | cha do dh'ith iad | cha do dh'itheadh |
future | chan ith mi | chan ith thu | chan ith e/i | chan ith sinn | chan ith sibh | chan ith iad | chan ithear chan ithtear | |
conditional | chan ithinn | chan itheadh tu | chan itheadh e/i | chan itheamaid chan itheadh sinn |
chan itheadh sibh | chan itheadh iad | chan ithteadh chan ithist(e)1 | |
affirmative interrogative |
past | an do dh'ith mi? | an do dh'ith thu? | an do dh'ith e/i? | an do dh'ith sinn? | an do dh'ith sibh? | an do dh'ith iad? | an do dh'itheadh? |
future | an ith mi? | an ith thu? | an ith e/i? | an ith sinn? | an ith sibh? | an ith iad? | an ithear? an ithtear? | |
conditional | an ithinn? | an itheadh tu? | an itheadh e/i? | an itheamaid? an itheadh sinn? |
an itheadh sibh? | an itheadh iad? | an ithteadh? an ithist(e)1? | |
negative interrogative |
past | nach do dh'ith mi? | nach do dh'ith thu? | nach do dh'ith e/i? | nach do dh'ith sinn? | nach do dh'ith sibh? | nach do dh'ith iad? | nach do dh'itheadh? |
future | nach ith mi? | nach ith thu? | nach ith e/i? | nach ith sinn? | nach ith sibh? | nach ith iad? | nach ithear? nach ithtear? | |
conditional | nach ithinn? | nach itheadh tu? | nach itheadh e/i? | nach itheamaid? nach itheadh sinn? |
nach itheadh sibh? | nach itheadh iad? | nach ithteadh? nach ithist(e)1? | |
relative future |
affirmative | (ma) dh'itheas mi | (ma) dh'itheas thu | (ma) dh'itheas e/i | (ma) dh'itheas sinn | (ma) dh'itheas sibh | (ma) dh'itheas iad | (ma) dh'ithear |
negative | (mur) ith mi | (mur) ith thu | (mur) ith e/i | (mur) ith sinn | (mur) ith sibh | (mur) ith iad | (mur) ithear (mur) ithtear | |
imperative | itheam | ith | itheadh e/i | itheamaid | ithibh | itheadh iad | ithear ithtear | |
stem | ith | |||||||
verbal noun | ithe | |||||||
past participle | ithte |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Not related to gwenith (“wheat”).
ith m (plural ithion or ithau)
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ith | unchanged | unchanged | hith |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies