jꜣt

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑt/
  • Conventional anglicization: iat

 f

1. mound, especially as a sacred site or location in the Afterworld
2. ruin, mound of ruins
3. cultivated land, fields
4. (chiefly in the plural, expressively) regions, lands, foreign lands

In late writings this word becomes confused with jw (“island, lands, regions”) and is often written identically.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

ꜣt	jꜣt	jꜣt	jꜣt	ꜣt	jꜣt

Possibly, following Gardiner’s suggestion, ꜣꜣ (“mound of ruins”) may also be merely a variant writing of this word.

 f

1. (anatomy) spine, backbone
2. (anatomy, of humans or animals) back
3. (figuratively) middle of a body of water (lake or river)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

jꜣt	jꜣt	jꜣt	jꜣt	jꜣt	ꜣt	ꜣtj	ꜣt	ꜣtj
	from the story of Sinuhe	‘middle of water’ sense	from Beni Hasan			in hieratic

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

ꜣt	ꜣt	ꜣtj	ꜣtj	jꜣt	ꜣdt	jꜣdt

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲱ⸗ (ōō⸗) (in ϩⲓⲱⲱ⸗ (hiōō⸗), pronominal state of ϩⲓ (hi))
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲧ⸗ (ōt⸗) (in ϩⲓⲱⲧ⸗ (hiōt⸗), pronominal state of ϩⲓ (hi))

 f

1. standard for carrying cultic images and objects

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

jꜣt	jꜣtj	ꜣt	jꜣꜣt
from PT 254.39 (Pyr. 288c), W	in hieratic

 f

1. Part of a place name in the Afterworld. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
   • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — west wall of the corridor’s north section, line 25, spell 519.8:^[1]

     wny ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt

     Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!

   • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — south wall of the vestibule, line 19, spell 539.84–85:^[2]

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

     jꜣt ẖrt ḥkꜣ .f r.f šwy.f r.f jr pt

     the Lower jꜣt of magic (or: the jꜣt possessing magic), so he , so he should soar up to the sky.

   • c. 2255 BCE – 2246 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Merenre — east wall of the corridor’s middle section, line 38, spell 519.8:^[3]

     wny ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt

     Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!

   • c. 2246 BCE – 2152 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi II — east wall of the corridor’s middle section, line 36–37, spell 519.8:^[4]

     wn ꜥꜣwj ptr zny ꜥꜣwj jꜣt ẖrt

     Open, double doors of the Looking (Canal)! Open, double doors of the Lower jꜣt!

The above quotes constitute all the known attestations of this word.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

jꜣt	jꜣt

 f

1. Iat, a goddess who serves as nurse to the dead, likely a goddess of milk

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣt  

jꜣt	jꜣt
reading uncertain	reading uncertain

 m

1. New Kingdom form of ꜣꜣ (“mound of ruins”)

• Gardiner, Alan (1948) “The First Two Pages of the Wörterbuch” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 34, p. 15
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 2, 26.3–26.17
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 7
• Lesko, Leonard, Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, pages 1, 11
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 242.