jeden
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Czech
| 10 | ||||
| ← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: jeden Ordinal: první Adverbial: jedenkrát, jednikrát, jednou Repetition adjective: jednonásobný Collective: jedny | ||||
| Czech Wikipedia article on 1 | ||||
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Czech jeden, from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”).
Numeral
jeden m (feminine jedna, neuter jedno)
Declension
Declension of jeden (irregular)
| singular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jeden | jedna | jedno | |
| genitive | jednoho | jedné | jednoho | |
| dative | jednomu | jedné | jednomu | |
| accusative | jednoho | jeden | jednu | jedno |
| locative | jednom | jedné | jednom | |
| instrumental | jedním | jednou | jedním | |
| plural | ||||
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jedni | jedny | jedna | |
| genitive | jedněch | |||
| dative | jedněm | |||
| accusative | jedny | jedna | ||
| locative | jedněch | |||
| instrumental | jedněmi | |||
Coordinate terms
Czech cardinal numbers from 0 to 99
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Participle
jeden
Further reading
- jeden in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- jeden in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- jeden in Internetová jazyková příručka
German
Pronunciation
Pronoun
jeden
- inflection of jeder:
Kashubian
| 1 | 2 > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : jeden | ||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).
Numeral
jeden m
Declension
Declension of jeden (irregular)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative | jeden | jedna | jedno | jedny | jedne | |
| genitive | jednégò | jedny | jednégò | jednëch | ||
| dative | jednémù | jedny | jednémù | jednym | ||
| accusative | jednégò | jeden | jednã | jedno | jednëch | jedne |
| instrumental | jednym | jedną | jednym | jednyma | ||
| locative | jednym | jedny | jednym | jednëch | ||
Further reading
- “jeden I”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
- “jeden II”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jeden”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
Old Czech
| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: jeden Ordinal: prvý, první Adverbial: jednú | ||||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
jeden
Declension
Declension of jeden (irregular)
| singular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | jeden | jedna | jedno | |
| genitive | jednoho | jedné | jednoho | |
| dative | jednomu | jednej, jednéj | jednomu | |
| accusative | jednoho, jeden | jednu | jedno | |
| locative | jednom | jednej, jednéj | jednom | |
| instrumental | jedniem | jednú | jedniem | |
| dual | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | jedna | jedně | ||
| genitive | jednú | |||
| dative | jedněma | |||
| accusative | jedna | jedně | ||
| locative | jednú | |||
| instrumental | jedněma | |||
| plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | jedni | jedny | jedna | |
| genitive | jedněch | |||
| dative | jedněm | |||
| accusative | jedny | jedna | ||
| locative | jedněch | |||
| instrumental | jedněmi | |||
Coordinate terms
Old Czech cardinal numbers from 1 to 99
Descendants
- Czech: jeden
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “jeden”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”). First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
Numeral
jeden
Declension
This numeral needs an inflection-table template.
Pronoun
jeden
- a; some, a certain; one
- some man, some guy (undefined male person)
- every
- Synonym: każdy
- alone
- Synonym: sam
- same
- Synonym: sam
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jeden, jaden”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
| 10 | ||||
| ← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: jeden Ordinal: pierwszy Adverbial: jednokrotnie, jednokroć, raz Multiplier: pojedynczy, jednokrotny Distributive: pojedynczo Adverbial qualitative: jednorako Multiplier qualitative: jednoraki Fractional: całość Numeral noun: jedynka Relational adjective: jedynkowy Prefix: jedno- | ||||
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish jeden.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɛ.dɛn/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjɛ.dɛn/, /ˈjɛ.den/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛdɛn
- Syllabification: je‧den
Numeral
jeden
Usage notes
- In composite numbers (dwadzieścia jeden, trzydzieści jeden, czterdzieści jeden, etc.), jeden is indeclinable and creates a neuter-singular noun phrase. Thus:
- Było dwudziestu jeden ludzi tam. ― There were twenty-one people there.
- Zobaczyłem tam dwudziestu jeden ludzi. ― I saw twenty-one people there.
Declension
Declension of jeden (irregular)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative | jeden | jedna | jedno | jedni | jedne | |
| genitive | jednego | jednej | jednego | jednych | ||
| dative | jednemu | jednej | jednemu | jednym | ||
| accusative | jednego | jeden | jedną | jedno | jednych | jedne |
| instrumental | jednym | jedną | jednym | jednymi | ||
| locative | jednym | jednej | jednym | jednych | ||
Coordinate terms
Polish cardinal numbers from 0 to 99
Adjective
jeden (not comparable, no derived adverb)
- first; one
- Szedł z jednego kąta do drugiego. ― He was walking from one corner to the other.
- same; one
- Mają jeden cel. ― They have one goal.
- a; some, a certain; one
- jakiś ― pewien
- Mam jednego kota. ― I have a cat.
- denotes something composed of many smaller parts single; one
- jedna całość ― single whole
- denotes a negative opinion to the listener held by the speaker; you!
- Ty byku jeden! ― You boob!
- (colloquial) only, merely denotes speakers disappointment with the small size or amount
- Synonym: jedyny
Noun
jeden m pers (female equivalent jedna)
- (colloquial) some man, some guy (undefined male person)
Declension
Declension of jeden
Noun
jeden m animal
- (colloquial) glass of vodka
Declension
Declension of jeden
Derived terms
adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jeden is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 309 times in scientific texts, 261 times in news, 217 times in essays, 191 times in fiction, and 174 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1152 times, making it the 34th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- jeden in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jeden in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jeden”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JEDEN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 December 5
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jeden”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 151
- jeden in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
Participle
jeden (Cyrillic spelling једен)
Slovak
| 10 | ||||
| ← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: jeden Ordinal: prvý Adverbial: raz Multiplier: jeden jediný, jednotný Qualitative: jednaký | ||||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
jeden m
- one (1)
Declension
Declension of jeden (irregular)
| singular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jeden | jedna | jedno | |
| genitive | jedného | jednej | jedného | |
| dative | jednému | jednej | jednému | |
| accusative | jedného | jeden | jednu | jedno |
| locative | jednom | jednej | jednom | |
| instrumental | jedným | jednou | jedným | |
| plural | ||||
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | jedni | jedny | ||
| genitive | jedných | |||
| dative | jedným | |||
| accusative | jedných | jedny | ||
| locative | jedných | |||
| instrumental | jednými | |||
Coordinate terms
Slovak cardinal numbers from 0 to 99
Further reading
- “jeden”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024