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German
Etymology
From Middle High German jener, from Old High German jenēr, from Proto-West Germanic *jain, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjeːnɐ/
- Hyphenation: je‧ner
Pronoun
jener (demonstrative)
- (formal) that, that one
- Synonyms: der m, die f, das n; derjenige m, diejenige f, dasjenige n; ebenjener m, ebenjene f, ebenjenes n
- Antonyms: dieser m, diese f, dieses n
Usage notes
- In formal writing, jener is not an uncommon word. It is used when the antecedent stands relatively far away from the pronoun, particularly if another word that could be the antecedent, is closer. Compare:
- Der Erfolg der Firma bei der jüngeren Zielgruppe beweist, dass jene sich verändert hat.
- The company's success among the younger target group proves that it has changed.
- Der Erfolg der Firma bei der jüngeren Zielgruppe beweist, dass diese sich verändert hat.
- The company's success among the younger target group proves that it has changed.
- In speech, jener is generally rare; in colloquial speech it is even completely avoided (except possibly in some fixed expressions). Instead, one uses forms of dieser and stressed forms of the definite article as demonstrative pronouns, without there being a clear semantic difference between these two. This means that colloquial German does not systematically distinguish between “this” and “that”. When necessary, such a distinction can be expressed by means of the adverbs hier (“here”) and da or dort (“there”): der Mann hier und der Mann da / dort; dieser Mann hier und dieser Mann da / dort (both meaning “this man and that man”)
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “jener” in Duden online
- “jener” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *jain, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz, whence also Old English ġeon, Old Norse enn.
Adjective
jenēr
- that
Descendants