Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
From Latin sum. The conjugation is suppletive; the present subjunctive stems are from Latin sedēre (“sit”), and the past participle stât is from Latin stātus.
jessi
This verb is highly irregular and it is suppletive. In third-person singular indicative present, the forms varies in gender, è is used with masculines while je is used with feminines instead.
| infinitive | jessi | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | sint | ||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||
| masculine | stât | stâts | |||||
| feminine | stâde | stâdis | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | lui/jê | nô | vô | lôr | |
| present | o soi | tu sês | al/e è, jè | o sin | o sês | a ses | |
| imperfect | o jeri | tu jeris | al/e jere | o jerin | o jeris | a jerin | |
| simple past | o foi | tu foris | al/e fo | o forin | o foris | a forin | |
| future | o sarai | tu sarâs | al/e sarà | o sarìn | o sarês | a saran | |
| conditional | jo | tu | lui/jê | nô | vô | lôr | |
| present | o sarès | tu saressis | al/e sarès | o saressin | o saressis | a saressin | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | lui/jê | nô | vô | lôr | |
| present | o sedi | tu sedis | al/e sedi | o sedin | o sedis | a sedin | |
| imperfect | o fos | tu fossis | al/e fos | o fossin | o fossis | a fossin | |
| imperative | – | tu | – | nô | vô | – | |
| – | sei | – | sin | sêt | – | ||