From Proto-Finnic *joutadak.
joutaa
Inflection of joutaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joudan | en jouda | 1st sing. | olen joutanut | en ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudat | et jouda | 2nd sing. | olet joutanut | et ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutaa | ei jouda | 3rd sing. | on joutanut | ei ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joudamme | emme jouda | 1st plur. | olemme joutaneet | emme ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joudatte | ette jouda | 2nd plur. | olette joutaneet | ette ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutavat | eivät jouda | 3rd plur. | ovat joutaneet | eivät ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudetaan | ei joudeta | passive | on joudettu | ei ole joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joudin | en joutanut | 1st sing. | olin joutanut | en ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudit | et joutanut | 2nd sing. | olit joutanut | et ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | jouti | ei joutanut | 3rd sing. | oli joutanut | ei ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joudimme | emme joutaneet | 1st plur. | olimme joutaneet | emme olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | jouditte | ette joutaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte joutaneet | ette olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutivat | eivät joutaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat joutaneet | eivät olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettiin | ei joudettu | passive | oli joudettu | ei ollut joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutaisin | en joutaisi | 1st sing. | olisin joutanut | en olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutaisit | et joutaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit joutanut | et olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutaisi | ei joutaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi joutanut | ei olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutaisimme | emme joutaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme joutaneet | emme olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutaisitte | ette joutaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte joutaneet | ette olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutaisivat | eivät joutaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat joutaneet | eivät olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettaisiin | ei joudettaisi | passive | olisi joudettu | ei olisi joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | jouda | älä jouda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutakoon | älköön joutako | 3rd sing. | olkoon joutanut | älköön olko joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutakaamme | älkäämme joutako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutakaa | älkää joutako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutakoot | älkööt joutako | 3rd plur. | olkoot joutaneet | älkööt olko joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettakoon | älköön joudettako | passive | olkoon joudettu | älköön olko joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutanen | en joutane | 1st sing. | lienen joutanut | en liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutanet | et joutane | 2nd sing. | lienet joutanut | et liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutanee | ei joutane | 3rd sing. | lienee joutanut | ei liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutanemme | emme joutane | 1st plur. | lienemme joutaneet | emme liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutanette | ette joutane | 2nd plur. | lienette joutaneet | ette liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutanevat | eivät joutane | 3rd plur. | lienevät joutaneet | eivät liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettaneen | ei joudettane | passive | lienee joudettu | ei liene joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | joutaa | present | joutava | joudettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | joutanut | joudettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | joutaessa | joudettaessa | agent4 | joutama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | joutamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | joutamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | joutamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | joutamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | joutamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | joutamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutaman | joudettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | joutaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Proscribed, colloquial:
Inflection of joutaa (Kotus type 55*F/soutaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joudan | en jouda | 1st sing. | olen joutanut | en ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudat | et jouda | 2nd sing. | olet joutanut | et ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutaa | ei jouda | 3rd sing. | on joutanut | ei ole joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joudamme | emme jouda | 1st plur. | olemme joutaneet | emme ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joudatte | ette jouda | 2nd plur. | olette joutaneet | ette ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutavat | eivät jouda | 3rd plur. | ovat joutaneet | eivät ole joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudetaan | ei joudeta | passive | on joudettu | ei ole joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joudin jousin |
en joutanut | 1st sing. | olin joutanut | en ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudit jousit |
et joutanut | 2nd sing. | olit joutanut | et ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | jouti jousi |
ei joutanut | 3rd sing. | oli joutanut | ei ollut joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joudimme jousimme |
emme joutaneet | 1st plur. | olimme joutaneet | emme olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | jouditte jousitte |
ette joutaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte joutaneet | ette olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutivat jousivat |
eivät joutaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat joutaneet | eivät olleet joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettiin | ei joudettu | passive | oli joudettu | ei ollut joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutaisin | en joutaisi | 1st sing. | olisin joutanut | en olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutaisit | et joutaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit joutanut | et olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutaisi | ei joutaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi joutanut | ei olisi joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutaisimme | emme joutaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme joutaneet | emme olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutaisitte | ette joutaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte joutaneet | ette olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutaisivat | eivät joutaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat joutaneet | eivät olisi joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettaisiin | ei joudettaisi | passive | olisi joudettu | ei olisi joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | jouda | älä jouda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutakoon | älköön joutako | 3rd sing. | olkoon joutanut | älköön olko joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutakaamme | älkäämme joutako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutakaa | älkää joutako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutakoot | älkööt joutako | 3rd plur. | olkoot joutaneet | älkööt olko joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettakoon | älköön joudettako | passive | olkoon joudettu | älköön olko joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutanen | en joutane | 1st sing. | lienen joutanut | en liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutanet | et joutane | 2nd sing. | lienet joutanut | et liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutanee | ei joutane | 3rd sing. | lienee joutanut | ei liene joutanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutanemme | emme joutane | 1st plur. | lienemme joutaneet | emme liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutanette | ette joutane | 2nd plur. | lienette joutaneet | ette liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutanevat | eivät joutane | 3rd plur. | lienevät joutaneet | eivät liene joutaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudettaneen | ei joudettane | passive | lienee joudettu | ei liene joudettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | joutaa | present | joutava | joudettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | joutanut | joudettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | joutaessa | joudettaessa | agent4 | joutama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | joutamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | joutamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | joutamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | joutamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | joutamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | joutamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutaman | joudettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | joutaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
From Proto-Finnic *joutadak. Cognates include Finnish joutaa and Estonian jõuda.
joutaa
Conjugation of joutaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, out-ovv gradation) | |||||
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Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | jovvan | en jovva | 1st singular | oon joutant, oon joutanut | en oo joutant, en oo joutanut |
2nd singular | jovvat | et jovva | 2nd singular | oot joutant, oot joutanut | et oo joutant, et oo joutanut |
3rd singular | joutaa | ei jovva | 3rd singular | ono joutant, ono joutanut | ei oo joutant, ei oo joutanut |
1st plural | jovvamma | emmä jovva | 1st plural | oomma joutaneet | emmä oo joutaneet |
2nd plural | jovvatta | että jovva | 2nd plural | ootta joutaneet | että oo joutaneet |
3rd plural | joutaat1), joutavat2), jovvetaa | evät jovva, ei jovveta | 3rd plural | ovat joutaneet | evät oo joutaneet, ei oo jovvettu |
impersonal | jovvetaa | ei jovveta | impersonal | ono jovvettu | ei oo jovvettu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | jovvin | en joutant, en joutanut | 1st singular | olin joutant, olin joutanut | en olt joutant, en olt joutanut |
2nd singular | jovvit | et joutant, et joutanut | 2nd singular | olit joutant, olit joutanut | et olt joutant, et olt joutanut |
3rd singular | jouti | ei joutant, ei joutanut | 3rd singular | oli joutant, oli joutanut | ei olt joutant, ei olt joutanut |
1st plural | jovvimma | emmä joutaneet | 1st plural | olimma joutaneet | emmä olleet joutaneet |
2nd plural | jovvitta | että joutaneet | 2nd plural | olitta joutaneet | että olleet joutaneet |
3rd plural | joutiit1), joutivat2), jovvettii | evät joutaneet, ei jovvettu | 3rd plural | olivat joutaneet | evät olleet joutaneet, ei olt jovvettu |
impersonal | jovvettii | ei jovvettu | impersonal | oli jovvettu | ei olt jovvettu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | joutaisin | en joutais | 1st singular | olisin joutant, olisin joutanut | en olis joutant, en olis joutanut |
2nd singular | joutaisit, joutaist1) | et joutais | 2nd singular | olisit joutant, olisit joutanut | et olis joutant, et olis joutanut |
3rd singular | joutais | ei joutais | 3rd singular | olis joutant, olis joutanut | ei olis joutant, ei olis joutanut |
1st plural | joutaisimma | emmä joutais | 1st plural | olisimma joutaneet | emmä olis joutaneet |
2nd plural | joutaisitta | että joutais | 2nd plural | olisitta joutaneet | että olis joutaneet |
3rd plural | joutaisiit1), joutaisivat2), jovvettais | evät joutais, ei jovvettais | 3rd plural | olisivat joutaneet | evät olis joutaneet, ei olis jovvettu |
impersonal | jovvettais | ei jovvettais | impersonal | olis jovvettu | ei olis jovvettu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | jovva | elä jovva | 2nd singular | oo joutant, oo joutanut | elä oo joutant, elä oo joutanut |
3rd singular | joutakoo | elköö joutako | 3rd singular | olkoo joutant, olkoo joutanut | elköö olko joutant, elköö olko joutanut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | joutakaa | elkää joutako | 2nd plural | olkaa joutaneet | elkää olko joutaneet |
3rd plural | joutakoot | elkööt joutako, elköö jovvettako | 3rd plural | olkoot joutaneet | elkööt olko joutaneet, elköö olko jovvettu |
impersonal | jovvettakkoo | elköö jovvettako | impersonal | olkoo jovvettu | elköö olko jovvettu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | joutanen | en joutane | |||
2nd singular | joutanet | et joutane | |||
3rd singular | joutanoo | ei joutane | |||
1st plural | joutanemma | emmä joutane | |||
2nd plural | joutanetta | että joutane | |||
3rd plural | joutanoot | evät joutane, ei jovvettane | |||
impersonal | jovvettannoo | ei jovvettane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | joutaa | present | joutava | jovvettava | |
2nd | inessive | joutajees | past | joutant, joutanut | jovvettu |
instructive | joutaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (joutakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | joutamaa | |||
inessive | joutamaas | ||||
elative | joutamast | ||||
abessive | joutamata | ||||
4th | nominative | joutamiin | |||
partitive | joutamista, joutamist |