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Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch *jūwa, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iuwa, from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. Doublet of uw.
Determiner
jouw (dependent possessive, independent possessive jouwe, contracted form je)
- your
Usage notes
- The form jouwe has a variant joune which is occasionally encountered in very informal speech, but this usage is widely considered to be incorrect.
- See uw#Usage notes.
Declension
|
subject
|
object
|
possessive
|
reflexive
|
genitive5
|
singular
|
full
|
unstr.
|
full
|
unstr.
|
full
|
unstr.
|
pred.
|
|
|
1st person
|
ik
|
'k1
|
mij
|
me
|
mijn
|
m'n1
|
mijne
|
me
|
mijner, mijns
|
2nd person
|
jij
|
je
|
jou
|
je
|
jouw
|
je
|
jouwe
|
je
|
jouwer, jouws
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2nd person archaic or regiolectal
|
gij
|
ge
|
u
|
–
|
uw
|
–
|
uwe
|
u
|
uwer, uws
|
2nd person formal
|
u
|
–
|
u
|
–
|
uw
|
–
|
uwe
|
zich
|
uwer, uws
|
3rd person masculine
|
hij
|
ie1
|
hem
|
'm1
|
zijn
|
z'n1
|
zijne
|
zich
|
zijner, zijns
|
3rd person feminine
|
zij
|
ze
|
haar
|
h'r1, 'r1, d'r1
|
haar
|
h'r1, 'r1, d'r1
|
hare
|
zich
|
harer, haars
|
3rd person neuter
|
het
|
't1
|
het
|
't1
|
zijn
|
z'n1
|
zijne
|
zich
|
zijner, zijns
|
plural
|
|
1st person
|
wij
|
we
|
ons
|
–
|
ons, onze2
|
–
|
onze
|
ons
|
onzer, onzes
|
2nd person
|
jullie
|
je
|
jullie
|
je
|
jullie
|
je
|
–
|
je
|
–
|
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6
|
gij
|
ge
|
u
|
–
|
uw
|
–
|
uwe
|
u
|
uwer, uws
|
2nd person formal
|
u
|
–
|
u
|
–
|
uw
|
–
|
uwe
|
zich
|
uwer, uws
|
3rd person
|
zij
|
ze
|
hen3, hun4
|
ze
|
hun
|
–
|
hunne
|
zich
|
hunner, huns
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1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
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5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").
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Descendants
Etymology 2
Interjection
jouw
- Expression of scorn.
Noun
jouw m (uncountable)
- a jeer
Derived terms