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jpf. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
jpf, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
jpf in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
jpf you have here. The definition of the word
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Egyptian
Etymology
Plural form of pf.
Pronunciation
Determiner
m pl distal demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) those
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.
In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative jpn, in which jpf is distal.
By Middle Egyptian it is obsolete.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
determiners
|
pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
|
gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
proximal to speaker
|
pn
|
tn, jtn
|
*jpnj
|
*jptnj
|
jpn
|
jptn
|
nn
|
—
|
distal
|
pf
|
tf
|
*jpfj
|
*jptfj
|
jpf
|
jptf
|
nf
|
—
|
proximal to spoken of
|
pj, pw, py, p
|
tj, tw, jtw
|
jpwj
|
*jptwj
|
jpw
|
jptw
|
nw
|
—
|
vocative
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
|
determiners and pronouns
|
adverbs
|
number
|
singular
|
plural1
|
gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
proximal
|
pn
|
tn
|
nn
|
ꜥn
|
distal
|
pf, pfꜣ
|
tf, tfꜣ
|
nf, nfꜣ
|
ꜥf
|
‘copula’; vocative
|
pw, pwy
|
tw, twy
|
nw
|
—
|
anaphoric
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
plural
|
|
adverb
|
pronoun
|
pꜣw
|
dj
|
determiners and pronouns
|
pꜣj
|
tꜣj
|
nꜣj
|
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
|
pꜣy
|
tꜣy
|
nꜣy
|
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
|
p-n, pꜣ
|
t-nt, tꜣ
|
nꜣyw, nꜣ
|
definite articles
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
nꜣ1
|
indefinite articles
|
wꜥ1
|
nhꜣy1
|
- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
|
References
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN