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jptn. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
jptn, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
jptn in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
jptn you have here. The definition of the word
jptn will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
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Egyptian
Etymology
Plural form of tn.
Pronunciation
Determiner
f pl proximal demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) these, those
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative jptf, in which jptn is proximal.
Its use in Middle Egyptian texts is an archaism.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
determiners
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pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
|
gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
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feminine
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masculine
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feminine
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unmarked
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proximal to speaker
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pn
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tn, jtn
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*jpnj
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*jptnj
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jpn
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jptn
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nn
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—
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distal
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pf
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tf
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*jpfj
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*jptfj
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jpf
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jptf
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nf
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—
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proximal to spoken of
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pj, pw, py, p
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tj, tw, jtw
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jpwj
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*jptwj
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jpw
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jptw
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nw
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—
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vocative
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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—
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—
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—
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—
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nꜣ
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ꜥꜣ
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- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
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Middle Egyptian demonstratives
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determiners and pronouns
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adverbs
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number
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singular
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plural1
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gender
|
masculine
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feminine
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unmarked
|
proximal
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pn
|
tn
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nn
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ꜥn
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distal
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pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
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nf, nfꜣ
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ꜥf
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‘copula’; vocative
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pw, pwy
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tw, twy
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nw
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—
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anaphoric
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ
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ꜥꜣ
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- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
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Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
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masculine
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feminine
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plural
|
|
adverb
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pronoun
|
pꜣw
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dj
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determiners and pronouns
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pꜣj
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tꜣj
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nꜣj
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possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
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pꜣy
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tꜣy
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nꜣy
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relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
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definite articles
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ1
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indefinite articles
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wꜥ1
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nhꜣy1
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- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
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References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN