julma

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Finnish

Etymology

Uncertain; cognate with Karelian julma. Possibly akin to julkea (compare tuikea ~ tuima, huikea ~ huima).

Pronunciation

Adjective

julma (comparative julmempi, superlative julmin)

  1. cruel, heartless, merciless
  2. cruel, harsh, intense, ferocious

Declension

Inflection of julma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative julma julmat
genitive julman julmien
partitive julmaa julmia
illative julmaan julmiin
singular plural
nominative julma julmat
accusative nom. julma julmat
gen. julman
genitive julman julmien
julmain rare
partitive julmaa julmia
inessive julmassa julmissa
elative julmasta julmista
illative julmaan julmiin
adessive julmalla julmilla
ablative julmalta julmilta
allative julmalle julmille
essive julmana julmina
translative julmaksi julmiksi
abessive julmatta julmitta
instructive — julmin
comitative — julmine
Possessive forms of julma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative julmani julmani
accusative nom. julmani julmani
gen. julmani
genitive julmani julmieni
julmaini rare
partitive julmaani julmiani
inessive julmassani julmissani
elative julmastani julmistani
illative julmaani julmiini
adessive julmallani julmillani
ablative julmaltani julmiltani
allative julmalleni julmilleni
essive julmanani julminani
translative julmakseni julmikseni
abessive julmattani julmittani
instructive — —
comitative — julmineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative julmasi julmasi
accusative nom. julmasi julmasi
gen. julmasi
genitive julmasi julmiesi
julmaisi rare
partitive julmaasi julmiasi
inessive julmassasi julmissasi
elative julmastasi julmistasi
illative julmaasi julmiisi
adessive julmallasi julmillasi
ablative julmaltasi julmiltasi
allative julmallesi julmillesi
essive julmanasi julminasi
translative julmaksesi julmiksesi
abessive julmattasi julmittasi
instructive — —
comitative — julminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative julmamme julmamme
accusative nom. julmamme julmamme
gen. julmamme
genitive julmamme julmiemme
julmaimme rare
partitive julmaamme julmiamme
inessive julmassamme julmissamme
elative julmastamme julmistamme
illative julmaamme julmiimme
adessive julmallamme julmillamme
ablative julmaltamme julmiltamme
allative julmallemme julmillemme
essive julmanamme julminamme
translative julmaksemme julmiksemme
abessive julmattamme julmittamme
instructive — —
comitative — julminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative julmanne julmanne
accusative nom. julmanne julmanne
gen. julmanne
genitive julmanne julmienne
julmainne rare
partitive julmaanne julmianne
inessive julmassanne julmissanne
elative julmastanne julmistanne
illative julmaanne julmiinne
adessive julmallanne julmillanne
ablative julmaltanne julmiltanne
allative julmallenne julmillenne
essive julmananne julminanne
translative julmaksenne julmiksenne
abessive julmattanne julmittanne
instructive — —
comitative — julminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative julmansa julmansa
accusative nom. julmansa julmansa
gen. julmansa
genitive julmansa julmiensa
julmainsa rare
partitive julmaansa julmiaan
julmiansa
inessive julmassaan
julmassansa 		julmissaan
julmissansa
elative julmastaan
julmastansa 		julmistaan
julmistansa
illative julmaansa julmiinsa
adessive julmallaan
julmallansa 		julmillaan
julmillansa
ablative julmaltaan
julmaltansa 		julmiltaan
julmiltansa
allative julmalleen
julmallensa 		julmilleen
julmillensa
essive julmanaan
julmanansa 		julminaan
julminansa
translative julmakseen
julmaksensa 		julmikseen
julmiksensa
abessive julmattaan
julmattansa 		julmittaan
julmittansa
instructive — —
comitative — julmineen
julminensa

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Estonian: julm

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia