junior

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin junior, a contraction of iuvenior (“younger”) which is the comparative of iuvenis (“young”); see juvenile.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒuːniə/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒuniɚ/
• Rhymes: -uːniə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: ju‧nior

Adjective

junior (not generally comparable, comparative more junior, superlative most junior)

1. (comparable) Low in rank; having a subordinate role, job, or situation.
2. (not comparable, often preceded by a possessive adjective or a possessive form of a noun) Younger.
   • 2003, Karen Frisch, Creating Junior Genealogists, →ISBN:

     Far less likely to intimidate your junior genealogist is the Internet, with its databases, message and bulletin boards, online collections, and more. Now is also the time to introduce your children to older relatives, who can be valuable resources and provide precious information.

   • 2010, Julie Cross, Humor in Contemporary Junior Literature, →ISBN, page 1:

     Humorous books for junior readers are often ignored by the critical community, due, in part, to what Milner Davis describes as a “conventional bias against comic genres” (1996: 101), and I consider this a serious oversight within the field of children's literature.

   • 2011, Julian Barnes, Knowing French (Storycuts), →ISBN:

     There she is: Lady Margaret Hall, eight years junior to me, exhibitioner where I was top scholar, and reading French. (Not veterinary science.)

   • 2012, Junior Golf in Pictures: The Junior Golfer's Handbook, →ISBN:

     A handbook for junior golfers covering a wide range of golfing instruction and information with over 250 photographs of juniors learning, playing, practicing and enjoying the game of golf.

   • 2013, Krishna Mohan Mishra, Me and Medicine, →ISBN, page 111:

     Instead of going to the unit I walked in the opposite direction towards the medicine lecture room with various thoughts going through my mind — most of them were positive as this was a great opportunity to practise what I had learnt so far and should have a good impact on students who were 3–4 years junior to me and not known to me.

3. (not comparable) Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
   • 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici. , 4th edition, London: E. Cotes for Andrew Crook , published 1656, →OCLC:

     Though our first Studies and junior Endeavours may stile us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks, yet I perceive the wisest Heads prove at last, almost all Scepticks […]

4. (not comparable, chiefly US) Of or pertaining to a third academic year in a four-year high school (eleventh grade) or university.

Alternative forms

• juniour (obsolete)

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

junior (plural juniors)

1. A younger person.

   four years his junior

   • 1922, Angela Brazil, Monitress Merle:

     Miss Mitchell would certainly be most relieved to have a monitress who was capable of organising the juniors at games.

   • 1939, P. G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime:

     The last man I met who was at school with me, though some years my junior, had a long white beard and no teeth.

2. A name suffix used after a son's name when his father has the same name (abbreviations: Jnr., Jr., Jun.).
3. (chiefly US, Philippines) A third-year student at a high school or university.
4. (law) A junior barrister.

Antonyms

• senior

Translations

Further reading

• “junior”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin juniorem; Doublet of geindre. Cf. also the inherited Old French oblique case gignor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒy.njɔʁ/

• audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

junior m or f by sense (plural juniors)

1. (sports) junior

Derived terms

• junior majeur

Adjective

junior (plural juniors)

1. junior (all senses)

See also

• juveigneur

Further reading

• “junior”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iunior (“younger”), from Latin iuvenis (“young”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ju‧ni‧or
• Rhymes: -or

Noun

junior

1. (sports) junior

   Synonym: ifjúsági

Declension

References

Further reading

• junior in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin junior, iūnior, from Proto-Italic *juwenjōs, from *juwenis + *-jōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ju‧ni‧or

Adjective

junior

1. young

   Synonyms: anom, belia, mentah, muda, remaja, yuvenil, yuwana

2. junior.

Alternative forms

• yunior

Antonyms

• senior

Further reading

• “junior” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Adjective

jūnior (neuter jūnius); third declension

1. comparative degree of juvenis

Declension

Third-declension comparative adjective.

References

• “junior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

junior

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin iūnior.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈju.ɲɔr/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɲɔr
• Syllabification: ju‧nior

Noun

junior m pers (female equivalent juniorka)

1. (humorous, literary) junior (youngest member of the family by age)

   Antonyms: nestor, senior

2. junior (athlete who is under the age recommended for a sport, usually nineteen years of age)

   Antonym: senior

   Hypernym: sportowiec

Noun

junior m pers

1. Jr. (title used after a son's name when his father has the same name)

   Antonym: senior

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• junior in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• junior in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French junior or Latin junior.

Adjective

junior m or n (feminine singular junioră, masculine plural juniori, feminine and neuter plural juniore)

1. junior

Declension

Noun

junior m (plural juniori)

1. junior

Declension