jɔ̃³¹

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"

Pela

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese ယင်း (yang:, “that”), Lhao Vo yao꞉, Zaiwa yang and Longchuan Achang ȵ̊aŋ³¹.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

jɔ̃³¹ (possessive form jɔ̃⁵⁵)

  1. he, she, it

Usage notes

See the jɔ̃³¹#Prefix section.

See also

Pela personal pronouns
nominative genitive1
singular 1st person ŋa⁵⁵ ŋai³⁵
2nd person nɔ̃⁵⁵ nɔ̃³⁵
3rd person jɔ̃³¹ jɔ̃⁵⁵
dual 1st person inclusive njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠k⁵⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵
exclusive ŋă.na̠k⁵⁵, ŋă.nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, ŋă.tɔ̠̃⁵⁵
2nd person nauŋ³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, nauŋ³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵
3rd person jɔ̃³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, jɔ̃³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵
plural 1st person inclusive njɔ̠̃³⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵
exclusive ŋă.maʔ⁵⁵, ŋă.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵
2nd person nauŋ³¹ maʔ⁵⁵, nə̆.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵
3rd person jɔ̃³¹ maʔ⁵⁵, jɔ̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵
1 The genitive particle na̠³¹ is often optionally added after genitive singular pronouns and nominative dual or plural pronouns.

Prefix

jɔ̃³¹-

  1. prefix of inalienable possession, e.g. kinship; one's
    ŋai³⁵ na̠³¹ jɔ̃³¹ ta³¹
    My own son
    a³¹ pai⁵¹ jɔ̃³¹ va⁵⁵
    Elder sister's father

Usage notes

Unlike ŋa⁵⁵ (“I”), jɔ̃³¹ acts as a modifier to kinship terms itself rather than in its possessive form jɔ̃⁵⁵.

jɔ̃³¹ can be also grammaticalised further to a general inalienable possessive prefix and an emphasiser (see the next section).

Derived terms

Adverb

jɔ̃³¹

  1. Emphasises the antecedent; do; indeed
    ŋă.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ xəi⁵⁵ pʰjɔ̃³¹ mɛ̃⁵⁵ jɔ̃⁵¹ tʃʰə̆ mɛ̃⁵¹ nji³¹ ta̠³⁵ vɛ³⁵
    We have been living here since, indeed, long ago.

Derived terms

References

  • Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia