károg

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Hungarian

Etymology

An onomatopoeia + -og (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

károg

  1. (intransitive) to caw (to make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven)
  2. (transitive, figuratively, literary, of a person) to croak, grumble (to speak menacingly with sinister threats about unpleasant consequences or problems to be expected)

Conjugation

conjugation of károg
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. károgok károgsz károg károgunk károgtok kárognak
Def. károgom károgod károgja károgjuk károgjátok károgják
2nd-p. o. károglak ―
Past Indef. károgtam károgtál károgott károgtunk károgtatok károgtak
Def. károgtam károgtad károgta károgtuk károgtátok károgták
2nd-p. o. károgtalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. károgni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. károgék károgál károga károgánk károgátok károgának
Def. károgám károgád károgá károgánk károgátok károgák
2nd-p. o. károgálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. károg vala, károgott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. károgandok károgandasz károgand károgandunk károgandotok károgandanak
Def. károgandom károgandod károgandja károgandjuk károgandjátok károgandják
2nd-p. o. károgandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kárognék kárognál károgna kárognánk kárognátok kárognának
Def. kárognám kárognád károgná kárognánk
(or kárognók) 		kárognátok kárognák
2nd-p. o. kárognálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. károgott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. károgjak károgj or
károgjál 		károgjon károgjunk károgjatok károgjanak
Def. károgjam károgd or
károgjad 		károgja károgjuk károgjátok károgják
2nd-p. o. károgjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. károgott légyen
Infinitive károgni kárognom kárognod kárognia kárognunk kárognotok károgniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
károgás károgó károgott károgandó károgva (károgván) károgtat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of károg
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. károghatok károghatsz károghat károghatunk károghattok károghatnak
Def. károghatom károghatod károghatja károghatjuk károghatjátok károghatják
2nd-p. o. károghatlak ―
Past Indef. károghattam károghattál károghatott károghattunk károghattatok károghattak
Def. károghattam károghattad károghatta károghattuk károghattátok károghatták
2nd-p. o. károghattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. károghaték károghatál károghata károghatánk károghatátok károghatának
Def. károghatám károghatád károghatá károghatánk károghatátok károghaták
2nd-p. o. károghatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. károghat vala, károghatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. károghatandok
or károgandhatok 		károghatandasz
or károgandhatsz 		károghatand
or károgandhat 		károghatandunk
or károgandhatunk 		károghatandotok
or károgandhattok 		károghatandanak
or károgandhatnak
Def. károghatandom
or károgandhatom 		károghatandod
or károgandhatod 		károghatandja
or károgandhatja 		károghatandjuk
or károgandhatjuk 		károghatandjátok
or károgandhatjátok 		károghatandják
or károgandhatják
2nd-p. o. károghatandalak
or károgandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. károghatnék károghatnál károghatna károghatnánk károghatnátok károghatnának
Def. károghatnám károghatnád károghatná károghatnánk
(or károghatnók) 		károghatnátok károghatnák
2nd-p. o. károghatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. károghatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. károghassak károghass or
károghassál 		károghasson károghassunk károghassatok károghassanak
Def. károghassam károghasd or
károghassad 		károghassa károghassuk károghassátok károghassák
2nd-p. o. károghassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. károghatott légyen
Inf. (károghatni) (károghatnom) (károghatnod) (károghatnia) (károghatnunk) (károghatnotok) (károghatniuk)
Positive adjective károgható Neg. adj. károghatatlan Adv. part. (károghatva / károghatván)

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ károg in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • károg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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