küzd

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Hungarian

FWOTD – 11 December 2013

Etymology

From Proto-Ugric or perhaps from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kᴕ̈śɜ (“competition, game; to compete, play”) [1] + -d (frequentative suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

küzd

  1. (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight (whether literally or figuratively; for something: -ért or against something: ellen; (optionally) with someone or something: -val/-vel)
    Synonyms: harcol, viaskodik
  2. (intransitive) to struggle, to strive (to labour in difficulty)
    • 1861, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája), play, scene 15; English translation by Iain MacLeod:
      Mondottam, ember: küzdj és bízva bízzál!
      Have faith, Adam, and fight the noble fight!
      (Literally: “I’ve spoken, man, strive on and trust a-trusting!”)

Conjugation

conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdök küzdesz küzd küzdünk küzdötök küzdenek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. küzdöttem küzdöttél küzdött küzdöttünk küzdöttetek küzdöttek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. küzdeni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. küzdék küzdél küzde küzdénk küzdétek küzdének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzd vala, küzdött vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. küzdendek küzdendesz küzdend küzdendünk küzdendetek küzdendenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdenék küzdenél küzdene küzdenénk küzdenétek küzdenének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdött volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdjek küzdj or
küzdjél 		küzdjön küzdjünk küzdjetek küzdjenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdött légyen
Infinitive küzdeni küzdenem küzdened küzdenie küzdenünk küzdenetek küzdeniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
küzdés küzdő küzdött ― küzdve (küzdvén)
potential conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhetek küzdhetsz küzdhet küzdhetünk küzdhettek küzdhetnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. küzdhettem küzdhettél küzdhetett küzdhettünk küzdhettetek küzdhettek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. küzdheték küzdhetél küzdhete küzdheténk küzdhetétek küzdhetének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. küzdhet vala, küzdhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. küzdhetendek
or küzdandhatok 		küzdhetendesz
or küzdandhatsz 		küzdhetend
or küzdandhat 		küzdhetendünk
or küzdandhatunk 		küzdhetendetek
or küzdandhattok 		küzdhetendenek
or küzdandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhetnék küzdhetnél küzdhetne küzdhetnénk küzdhetnétek küzdhetnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhessek küzdhess or
küzdhessél 		küzdhessen küzdhessünk küzdhessetek küzdhessenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdhetett légyen
Inf. (küzdhetni) (küzdhetnem) (küzdhetned) (küzdhetnie) (küzdhetnünk) (küzdhetnetek) (küzdhetniük)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (küzdhetve / küzdhetvén)

or less commonly

conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdök küzdesz küzd küzdünk küzdötök or
küzdtök 		küzdenek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. küzdtem küzdtél küzdött küzdtünk küzdtetek küzdtek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. küzdeni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. küzdék küzdél küzde küzdénk küzdétek küzdének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzd vala, küzdött vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. küzdendek küzdendesz küzdend küzdendünk küzdendetek küzdendenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdenék küzdenél küzdene küzdenénk küzdenétek küzdenének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdött volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdjek küzdj or
küzdjél 		küzdjön küzdjünk küzdjetek küzdjenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdött légyen
Infinitive küzdeni küzdenem küzdened küzdenie küzdenünk küzdenetek küzdeniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
küzdés küzdő küzdött ― küzdve (küzdvén)
potential conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhetek küzdhetsz küzdhet küzdhetünk küzdhettek küzdhetnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. küzdhettem küzdhettél küzdhetett küzdhettünk küzdhettetek küzdhettek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. küzdheték küzdhetél küzdhete küzdheténk küzdhetétek küzdhetének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. küzdhet vala, küzdhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. küzdhetendek
or küzdandhatok 		küzdhetendesz
or küzdandhatsz 		küzdhetend
or küzdandhat 		küzdhetendünk
or küzdandhatunk 		küzdhetendetek
or küzdandhattok 		küzdhetendenek
or küzdandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhetnék küzdhetnél küzdhetne küzdhetnénk küzdhetnétek küzdhetnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. küzdhessek küzdhess or
küzdhessél 		küzdhessen küzdhessünk küzdhessetek küzdhessenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdhetett légyen
Inf. (küzdhetni) (küzdhetnem) (küzdhetned) (küzdhetnie) (küzdhetnünk) (küzdhetnetek) (küzdhetniük)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (küzdhetve / küzdhetvén)

Derived terms

Compound words

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ Entry #447 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ küzd in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • küzd in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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