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Translingual
Prefix
k-
- (SI prefix) Abbreviation of kilo-.
English
Etymology
Uncertain. Perhaps from OK, in phrases like OK, cool; perhaps from the K prefix for kilo-, as in kilobyte.
Prefix
k-
- (BBS and Internet slang, dated) Used as an intensifier.
1994, Dave!, “Mind Warp! Volume #02 Release Info...”, in alt.zines (Usenet):We have been heavily influenced by, and use the same 'zine format' as cDc and uXu. And if you think we're ripping them off.. you damn skippy! They're excellent texts and I wish to be as k-cool as them. :)
- 1994?, "Rabid Rasta", The Real Pirate's Guide (reposted anonymously on newsgroup alt.2600, 14 August 1994)
- Corollary: Real pirates don't keep score.
Real pirates don't say "K-K00L", "K-AWESOME", "X10DER", "L8R0N", or anything of the sort.
Real pirates know the difference between "f" and "ph" (i.e. "philes", "phuck", "fone", etc.).
1996, Jerod Pore, “k-rad warez d00d hits alt.binaries.zines - AGAIN”, in nwes.admin.net-abuse.misc (Usenet):My least favorite k-rad warez d00d […] has once again plastered alt.binaries.zines with millions of bytes of pirated software using a forged address at penet.
1996, rj, “quake crack”, in alt.games.quake (Usenet):Oooo.... what use of sarcasm, I bow down to you almighty one. What really was the point of your 'post'. To defend your K-Rad Warez pals? You k-rad warez puppies are something else. Now run along and download the latest k-rad game and of course never use it, just be k00l and say you got it 0 hour.
Derived terms
See also
References
Albanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *ka-, from Proto-Indo-European *ko-
Prefix
k-
- to-
Derived terms
References
- ^ Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die verben des altabanischen Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und etymologie unter mitarbeit von Anna-Maria Adaktylos. 2013. Harrassowiz Vergal. Wiesbaden
Cayuga
Alternative forms
Prefix
k-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
References
- Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54
Emilian
Pronunciation
Adjective
k-
- (before a vowel) Alternative form of kí
Javanese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Javanese ka-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
k-
- passive verb-forming prefix
- generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from verbal base
- generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from nominal or verbal base, with related tools
- generally for ꦏꦼ- (ke-), intransitive passive verb-forming prefix
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Mohawk
Prefix
k-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
Alternative forms
-
|
Initial consonant
|
Environment |
t/s/h/k |
n/r/w/’ |
a |
e/en |
o/on |
i |
y
|
Word-Initial
|
k- |
ke- |
k- |
k- |
k- |
k- |
t-
|
References
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
Oneida
Prefix
k-
- first person agent pronominal prefix; I
References
- Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60
Ye'kwana
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
k-
- Marks a noun as having a first-person-dual-inclusive possessor.
- Marks a postposition as having a first-person-dual-inclusive object.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject and a first-person or first-person-dual-exclusive patient/object.
- Marks an intransitive verb with agent- or patient-like argument as having a first-person-dual-inclusive argument/subject, regardless of whether the verb form takes series I or series II markers.
- Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.
Usage notes
The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:
- k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
- kü- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is anything but u or i.
- ku- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is u.
- ki- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is i.
Inflection
Ye'kwana personal markers
|
pronoun
|
noun possessor/ series II verb argument
|
postposition object
|
series I verb argument
|
transitive patient
|
intransitive patient-like
|
intransitive agent-like
|
transitive agent
|
first person
|
ewü
|
y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1
|
w-, wi-
|
first person dual inclusive
|
küwü
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
k-, kii-, ki-1
|
second person
|
amödö
|
ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-
|
m-, mi-
|
first person dual exclusive
|
nña
|
y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1
|
chö-
|
∅-
|
n-, ni-
|
third person
|
tüwü
|
n-, ni-
|
distant past third person
|
—
|
kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
|
coreferential/reflexive
|
—
|
t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-
|
—
|
reciprocal
|
—
|
—
|
öö-
|
- With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
|
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
|
first person > second person
|
mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
|
first person dual exclusive > second person
|
second person > first person
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
second person > first person dual exclusive
|
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person
|
see person X in the chart above
|
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
k-
- Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.
Usage notes
The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:
- k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel. In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable, then its vowel is lengthened.
- kii- if the first syllable begins with a consonant.
- ki- if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.
In the latter two cases the initial consonant is also palatalized if possible.
Inflection
Ye'kwana personal markers
|
pronoun
|
noun possessor/ series II verb argument
|
postposition object
|
series I verb argument
|
transitive patient
|
intransitive patient-like
|
intransitive agent-like
|
transitive agent
|
first person
|
ewü
|
y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1
|
w-, wi-
|
first person dual inclusive
|
küwü
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
k-, kii-, ki-1
|
second person
|
amödö
|
ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-
|
m-, mi-
|
first person dual exclusive
|
nña
|
y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1
|
chö-
|
∅-
|
n-, ni-
|
third person
|
tüwü
|
n-, ni-
|
distant past third person
|
—
|
kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
|
coreferential/reflexive
|
—
|
t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-
|
—
|
reciprocal
|
—
|
—
|
öö-
|
- With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
|
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
|
first person > second person
|
mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
|
first person dual exclusive > second person
|
second person > first person
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
second person > first person dual exclusive
|
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person
|
see person X in the chart above
|
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, pages 171–172, 181–182, 189–190, 194–195