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English
Noun
k-style (uncountable)
- The consonant system of colloquial Samoan, differing from that of formal Samoan in a few particulars, among them the pronunciation of /t/ as .
1987, Even Hovdhaugen, “The Story about Tigilauma’olo”, in From the Land of Nāfanua: Samoan Oral Texts in Transcription with Translation, Notes, and Vocabulary (Series B; 72), Oslo: Norwegian University Press; Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, →ISBN, page 19:In a formal setting with an unknown papālagi visitor, a Samoan would be expected to use the formal t-style, but Ali’imalemanu started his performance in k-style and then switched over to t-style after a few minutes. Later on when he knew me better he mixed the two styles when he told me stories (and, of course, always used the k-style when we talked together with no recorder on, no matter what the subject was).
2001 August, John F. Mayer, “Introduction”, in Code-Switching in Samoan: T-style and K-style (Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; 4121), Honolulu, Haw.: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, →OCLC, page ix:This study shows that there are two important linguistic styles in modern Samoan which are marked primarily through the alternation of phonological features. These two styles have been termed the t-style and the k-style. Most past descriptions of Samoan have failed to account for linguistic variation in Samoan, and in particular, for the k-style of modern Samoan.
2004, Janet Holmes, Maria Stubbe, “Strategic code-switching in New Zealand workplaces: Scaffolding, solidarity and identity construction”, in Multilingual Communication (Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism; 3), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, part II (Code-switching), pages 140 and 143:The two styles are in a diglossic relationship to one another, with the t-style used to mark respect and formality in contexts such as preaching, prayer and radio broadcasts, and in conjunction with use of “chiefly language”, while the colloquial k-style is used in more intimate and/or informal contexts such as the home, when joking, and in casual conversation. There are numerous examples from our factory data where code-switching serves to establish solidarity or minimise face threats between Samoan team members. In all these examples, the speakers use the informal k-style of Samoan.
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