kadto

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Bikol Central

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: kad‧to
  • IPA(key): /kadˈto/

Adverb

ka'dtó

  1. Alternative form of kaidto (“that, those”)

Pronoun

ka'dtó

  1. Alternative form of kaidto (“before”)

Cebuano

Alternative forms

  • kato
  • to — short form, only used mid-sentence

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *-Cu,[1] apparently prefixed with ka- as seen also in kani (“this”) and kana (“that”). Related to didto (“here”), kaniadto (“long time ago”), ngadto (“thither”), and adto (“to go”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Tagalog ito (“this”), Malay itu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkadto/
  • Hyphenation: kad‧to

Pronoun

kadto

  1. that (far from both speaker and listener)
  2. (colloquial) he, she (one that was mentioned)

See also

Cebuano demonstrative pronouns
Direct* Indirect* Oblique Locative Allative Existential** Interjection** Manner**
Full Short Full Short Full Short Full Short Full Short
Near speaker*** karí
kirí 		ri niari
niiri 		ari
iri 		kan-ari†
kan-iri† 		dirí ngarí adia dia diará dará ingon ari Ø
Near speaker and listener*** kaní
kiní 		ni niani
niini 		ani
ini 		kan-ani†
kan-ini† 		dinhi nganhi ania nia niará Ø ingon ani ing-ani
in-ani
Near listener kanâ nà nianà anà kan-anà† dinhà
dirâ 		nganhà
ngarâ 		anaa naa naará nará ingon anà ing-anà
in-anà
Remote kadto
kató 		to niadto
niato 		adto
ato 		kan-adto† didto ngadto atua tua tuará turá ingon adto
ingon ato 		ing-ato
in-ato
†Archaic
*When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences.
**Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial.
***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano.

References

  1. ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*-Cu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

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