kalt

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Central Franconian

Etymology

From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Pronunciation

Adjective

kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)

  1. (most dialects) cold
    Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.
    Let’s go home, my feet are cold.

Usage notes

  • The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German kalt, from Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate with German kalt, English cold.

Adjective

kalt

  1. (Tredici Comuni) cold

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑlt

Verb

kalt

  1. inflection of kallen:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. (archaic) plural imperative

Anagrams

Faroese

Adjective

kalt

  1. neuter nominative/accusative of kaldur

German

1. kalt

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.

Cognates
Cognate to Low German kold, koolt, Dutch koud, English cold, Danish kold, Swedish kall.

Pronunciation

Adjective

kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)

  1. cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
  2. calm, restrained, passionless
  3. cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
  4. (housing) at cost (without utilities, such as heating, included)

Usage notes

  • German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “there is cold to me”).

Declension

Positive forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist kalt sie ist kalt es ist kalt sie sind kalt
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kalter kalte kaltes kalte
genitive kalten kalter kalten kalter
dative kaltem kalter kaltem kalten
accusative kalten kalte kaltes kalte
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kalte die kalte das kalte die kalten
genitive des kalten der kalten des kalten der kalten
dative dem kalten der kalten dem kalten den kalten
accusative den kalten die kalte das kalte die kalten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kalter eine kalte ein kaltes (keine) kalten
genitive eines kalten einer kalten eines kalten (keiner) kalten
dative einem kalten einer kalten einem kalten (keinen) kalten
accusative einen kalten eine kalte ein kaltes (keine) kalten
Comparative forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist kälter sie ist kälter es ist kälter sie sind kälter
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kälterer kältere kälteres kältere
genitive kälteren kälterer kälteren kälterer
dative kälterem kälterer kälterem kälteren
accusative kälteren kältere kälteres kältere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kältere die kältere das kältere die kälteren
genitive des kälteren der kälteren des kälteren der kälteren
dative dem kälteren der kälteren dem kälteren den kälteren
accusative den kälteren die kältere das kältere die kälteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kälterer eine kältere ein kälteres (keine) kälteren
genitive eines kälteren einer kälteren eines kälteren (keiner) kälteren
dative einem kälteren einer kälteren einem kälteren (keinen) kälteren
accusative einen kälteren eine kältere ein kälteres (keine) kälteren
Superlative forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am kältesten sie ist am kältesten es ist am kältesten sie sind am kältesten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kältester kälteste kältestes kälteste
genitive kältesten kältester kältesten kältester
dative kältestem kältester kältestem kältesten
accusative kältesten kälteste kältestes kälteste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kälteste die kälteste das kälteste die kältesten
genitive des kältesten der kältesten des kältesten der kältesten
dative dem kältesten der kältesten dem kältesten den kältesten
accusative den kältesten die kälteste das kälteste die kältesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kältester eine kälteste ein kältestes (keine) kältesten
genitive eines kältesten einer kältesten eines kältesten (keiner) kältesten
dative einem kältesten einer kältesten einem kältesten (keinen) kältesten
accusative einen kältesten eine kälteste ein kältestes (keine) kältesten

Antonyms

Derived terms

Derived terms

Related terms

Adverb

kalt

  1. (of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities
    Antonym: warm
    Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.
    I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “kalt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “kalt” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “kalt” in Duden online

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs. See the latter for more.

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

kalt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)

  1. to forge
  2. to hammer
  3. to chisel
  4. to coin (money)
  5. to mint (money)
  6. to shoe (a horse)
  7. to peck (of a woodpecker)
  8. to hew

Conjugation

conjugation of kalt
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es kaļu kalu kalšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu kal kali kalsi kal
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa kaļ kala kals lai kaļ
1st pers. pl. mēs kaļam kalām kalsim kalsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs kaļat kalāt kalsiet,
kalsit 		kaliet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas kaļ kala kals lai kaļ
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present kaļot Present Active 1 (Adj.) kaļošs
Past esot kalis Present Active 2 (Adv.) kaldams
Future kalšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) kaļot
Imperative lai kaļot Present Active 4 (Obj.) kaļam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active kalis
Present kaltu Present Passive kaļams
Past būtu kalis Past Passive kalts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jākaļ Infinitive (nenoteiksme) kalt
Conjunctive 1 esot jākaļ Negative Infinitive nekalt
Conjunctive 2 jākaļot Verbal noun kalšana

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

kalt

  1. past participle of kalle

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

Adjective

kalt

  1. cold

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Norse

Adjective

kalt

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of kaldr

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German kalt. Compare German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold.

Adjective

kalt (comparative kelder, superlative keltscht)

  1. cold

Swedish

Adjective

kalt

  1. indefinite neuter singular of kal
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