kapsahtaa

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Finnish

Etymology

kapsaa +‎ -ahtaa

Pronunciation

Verb

kapsahtaa

  1. (intransitive) to fall down, to plummet
    Ken kuuseen kurkottaa, se katajaan kapsahtaa.
    If you reach for something that is far too good for you, it is not going to end well.
    Literally: Whoever reaches for the spruce, falls down onto the juniper. See: wikiquote:Finnish proverbs

Conjugation

Inflection of kapsahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapsahdan en kapsahda 1st sing. olen kapsahtanut en ole kapsahtanut
2nd sing. kapsahdat et kapsahda 2nd sing. olet kapsahtanut et ole kapsahtanut
3rd sing. kapsahtaa ei kapsahda 3rd sing. on kapsahtanut ei ole kapsahtanut
1st plur. kapsahdamme emme kapsahda 1st plur. olemme kapsahtaneet emme ole kapsahtaneet
2nd plur. kapsahdatte ette kapsahda 2nd plur. olette kapsahtaneet ette ole kapsahtaneet
3rd plur. kapsahtavat eivät kapsahda 3rd plur. ovat kapsahtaneet eivät ole kapsahtaneet
passive kapsahdetaan ei kapsahdeta passive on kapsahdettu ei ole kapsahdettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapsahdin en kapsahtanut 1st sing. olin kapsahtanut en ollut kapsahtanut
2nd sing. kapsahdit et kapsahtanut 2nd sing. olit kapsahtanut et ollut kapsahtanut
3rd sing. kapsahti ei kapsahtanut 3rd sing. oli kapsahtanut ei ollut kapsahtanut
1st plur. kapsahdimme emme kapsahtaneet 1st plur. olimme kapsahtaneet emme olleet kapsahtaneet
2nd plur. kapsahditte ette kapsahtaneet 2nd plur. olitte kapsahtaneet ette olleet kapsahtaneet
3rd plur. kapsahtivat eivät kapsahtaneet 3rd plur. olivat kapsahtaneet eivät olleet kapsahtaneet
passive kapsahdettiin ei kapsahdettu passive oli kapsahdettu ei ollut kapsahdettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapsahtaisin en kapsahtaisi 1st sing. olisin kapsahtanut en olisi kapsahtanut
2nd sing. kapsahtaisit et kapsahtaisi 2nd sing. olisit kapsahtanut et olisi kapsahtanut
3rd sing. kapsahtaisi ei kapsahtaisi 3rd sing. olisi kapsahtanut ei olisi kapsahtanut
1st plur. kapsahtaisimme emme kapsahtaisi 1st plur. olisimme kapsahtaneet emme olisi kapsahtaneet
2nd plur. kapsahtaisitte ette kapsahtaisi 2nd plur. olisitte kapsahtaneet ette olisi kapsahtaneet
3rd plur. kapsahtaisivat eivät kapsahtaisi 3rd plur. olisivat kapsahtaneet eivät olisi kapsahtaneet
passive kapsahdettaisiin ei kapsahdettaisi passive olisi kapsahdettu ei olisi kapsahdettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. kapsahda älä kapsahda 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. kapsahtakoon älköön kapsahtako 3rd sing. olkoon kapsahtanut älköön olko kapsahtanut
1st plur. kapsahtakaamme älkäämme kapsahtako 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. kapsahtakaa älkää kapsahtako 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. kapsahtakoot älkööt kapsahtako 3rd plur. olkoot kapsahtaneet älkööt olko kapsahtaneet
passive kapsahdettakoon älköön kapsahdettako passive olkoon kapsahdettu älköön olko kapsahdettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapsahtanen en kapsahtane 1st sing. lienen kapsahtanut en liene kapsahtanut
2nd sing. kapsahtanet et kapsahtane 2nd sing. lienet kapsahtanut et liene kapsahtanut
3rd sing. kapsahtanee ei kapsahtane 3rd sing. lienee kapsahtanut ei liene kapsahtanut
1st plur. kapsahtanemme emme kapsahtane 1st plur. lienemme kapsahtaneet emme liene kapsahtaneet
2nd plur. kapsahtanette ette kapsahtane 2nd plur. lienette kapsahtaneet ette liene kapsahtaneet
3rd plur. kapsahtanevat eivät kapsahtane 3rd plur. lienevät kapsahtaneet eivät liene kapsahtaneet
passive kapsahdettaneen ei kapsahdettane passive lienee kapsahdettu ei liene kapsahdettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st kapsahtaa present kapsahtava kapsahdettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kapsahtaakseni kapsahtaaksemme
2nd kapsahtaaksesi kapsahtaaksenne
3rd kapsahtaakseen
kapsahtaaksensa
past kapsahtanut kapsahdettu
2nd inessive2 kapsahtaessa kapsahdettaessa agent4 kapsahtama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kapsahtaessani kapsahtaessamme
2nd kapsahtaessasi kapsahtaessanne
3rd kapsahtaessaan
kapsahtaessansa
negative kapsahtamaton
instructive kapsahtaen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form kapsahtaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd inessive kapsahtamassa —
elative kapsahtamasta —
illative kapsahtamaan —
adessive kapsahtamalla —
abessive kapsahtamatta —
instructive kapsahtaman kapsahdettaman
4th3 verbal noun kapsahtaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kapsahtamaisillani kapsahtamaisillamme
2nd kapsahtamaisillasi kapsahtamaisillanne
3rd kapsahtamaisillaan
kapsahtamaisillansa

Derived terms

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia