karjala
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See also: Karjala
Finnish
Etymology
See Karjala.
Pronunciation
Noun
karjala
- The Karelian language; a Finno-Ugric language spoken by about 100,000 people in Karelia. It is closely related to Finnish.
Usage notes
In Karelian, as well as in Finnish, the names of languages are written with a lower case initial.
Declension
| Inflection of karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | karjala | karjalat | |
| genitive | karjalan | karjaloiden karjaloitten | |
| partitive | karjalaa | karjaloita | |
| illative | karjalaan | karjaloihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | karjala | karjalat | |
| accusative | nom. | karjala | karjalat |
| gen. | karjalan | ||
| genitive | karjalan | karjaloiden karjaloitten karjalain rare | |
| partitive | karjalaa | karjaloita | |
| inessive | karjalassa | karjaloissa | |
| elative | karjalasta | karjaloista | |
| illative | karjalaan | karjaloihin | |
| adessive | karjalalla | karjaloilla | |
| ablative | karjalalta | karjaloilta | |
| allative | karjalalle | karjaloille | |
| essive | karjalana | karjaloina | |
| translative | karjalaksi | karjaloiksi | |
| abessive | karjalatta | karjaloitta | |
| instructive | — | karjaloin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Synonyms
- karjalan kieli
Derived terms
compounds
Related terms
Further reading
- “karjala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic . Cognates include Finnish karjala and Karelian karjala / kariela.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/,
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/,
- Rhymes: -ɑrjɑl, -ɑrjɑlɑ
- Hyphenation: kar‧ja‧la
Noun
karjala
- (in the plural) Karelians
- (in the singular) Karelian language
- (in the plural, dated, rare) Ingrians
- (in the singular, dated, rare) Ingrian language
Declension
| Declension of karjala (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | karjala | karjalat |
| genitive | karjalan | karjaloin |
| partitive | karjalaa | karjaloja |
| illative | karjalaa | karjaloihe |
| inessive | karjalaas | karjalois |
| elative | karjalast | karjaloist |
| allative | karjalalle | karjaloille |
| adessive | karjalaal | karjaloil |
| ablative | karjalalt | karjaloilt |
| translative | karjalaks | karjaloiks |
| essive | karjalanna, karjalaan | karjaloinna, karjaloin |
| exessive1) | karjalant | karjaloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
- (Ingrian): ižora
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 137
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
karjala |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
kariela |
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic . Cognates include Finnish karjala and Ingrian karjala.
Pronunciation
Noun
karjala (genitive karjalan, partitive karjalua)
- (North Karelian) Karelian language
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of karjala (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | karjala | karjalat | |
| genitive | karjalan | karjalojen | |
| partitive | karjalua | karjaloja | |
| illative | karjalah | karjaloih | |
| inessive | karjalašša | karjaloissa | |
| elative | karjalašta | karjaloista | |
| adessive | karjalalla | karjaloilla | |
| ablative | karjalalta | karjaloilta | |
| translative | karjalakši | karjaloiksi | |
| essive | karjalana | karjaloina | |
| comitative | — | karjaloineh | |
| abessive | karjalatta | karjaloitta | |
| Possessive forms of karjala | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | karjalani | |
| 2nd person | karjalaš | |
| 3rd person | karjalah | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “карельский”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN