karmol

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Hungarian

Etymology

From an otherwise unattested stem + -ol (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Verb

karmol

  1. (transitive) to scratch, claw (to make a mark on a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature, with nails, claws)

Conjugation

conjugation of karmol
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmolok karmolsz karmol karmolunk karmoltok karmolnak
Def. karmolom karmolod karmolja karmoljuk karmoljátok karmolják
2nd-p. o. karmollak ―
Past Indef. karmoltam karmoltál karmolt karmoltunk karmoltatok karmoltak
Def. karmoltam karmoltad karmolta karmoltuk karmoltátok karmolták
2nd-p. o. karmoltalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. karmolni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. karmolék karmolál karmola karmolánk karmolátok karmolának
Def. karmolám karmolád karmolá karmolánk karmolátok karmolák
2nd-p. o. karmolálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. karmol vala, karmolt vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. karmolandok karmolandasz karmoland karmolandunk karmolandotok karmolandanak
Def. karmolandom karmolandod karmolandja karmolandjuk karmolandjátok karmolandják
2nd-p. o. karmolandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmolnék karmolnál karmolna karmolnánk karmolnátok karmolnának
Def. karmolnám karmolnád karmolná karmolnánk
(or karmolnók) 		karmolnátok karmolnák
2nd-p. o. karmolnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. karmolt volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmoljak karmolj or
karmoljál 		karmoljon karmoljunk karmoljatok karmoljanak
Def. karmoljam karmold or
karmoljad 		karmolja karmoljuk karmoljátok karmolják
2nd-p. o. karmoljalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. karmolt légyen
Infinitive karmolni karmolnom karmolnod karmolnia karmolnunk karmolnotok karmolniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
karmolás karmoló karmolt karmolandó karmolva (karmolván) karmoltat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of karmol
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmolhatok karmolhatsz karmolhat karmolhatunk karmolhattok karmolhatnak
Def. karmolhatom karmolhatod karmolhatja karmolhatjuk karmolhatjátok karmolhatják
2nd-p. o. karmolhatlak ―
Past Indef. karmolhattam karmolhattál karmolhatott karmolhattunk karmolhattatok karmolhattak
Def. karmolhattam karmolhattad karmolhatta karmolhattuk karmolhattátok karmolhatták
2nd-p. o. karmolhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. karmolhaték karmolhatál karmolhata karmolhatánk karmolhatátok karmolhatának
Def. karmolhatám karmolhatád karmolhatá karmolhatánk karmolhatátok karmolhaták
2nd-p. o. karmolhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. karmolhat vala, karmolhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. karmolhatandok
or karmolandhatok 		karmolhatandasz
or karmolandhatsz 		karmolhatand
or karmolandhat 		karmolhatandunk
or karmolandhatunk 		karmolhatandotok
or karmolandhattok 		karmolhatandanak
or karmolandhatnak
Def. karmolhatandom
or karmolandhatom 		karmolhatandod
or karmolandhatod 		karmolhatandja
or karmolandhatja 		karmolhatandjuk
or karmolandhatjuk 		karmolhatandjátok
or karmolandhatjátok 		karmolhatandják
or karmolandhatják
2nd-p. o. karmolhatandalak
or karmolandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmolhatnék karmolhatnál karmolhatna karmolhatnánk karmolhatnátok karmolhatnának
Def. karmolhatnám karmolhatnád karmolhatná karmolhatnánk
(or karmolhatnók) 		karmolhatnátok karmolhatnák
2nd-p. o. karmolhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. karmolhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. karmolhassak karmolhass or
karmolhassál 		karmolhasson karmolhassunk karmolhassatok karmolhassanak
Def. karmolhassam karmolhasd or
karmolhassad 		karmolhassa karmolhassuk karmolhassátok karmolhassák
2nd-p. o. karmolhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. karmolhatott légyen
Inf. (karmolhatni) (karmolhatnom) (karmolhatnod) (karmolhatnia) (karmolhatnunk) (karmolhatnotok) (karmolhatniuk)
Positive adjective karmolható Neg. adj. karmolhatatlan Adv. part. (karmolhatva / karmolhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ karmol in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
  2. ^ karmol in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • karmol in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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