kauns

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Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *kaunas, from Proto-Indo-European *kau-no-s, from the stem *kaw- (to humiliate), which may be related to *kew- (to bend, to bow). Cognates include Lithuanian kūvė́ties (to feel ashamed), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns, low, depressed), Old High German hōnida (shame, dishonor), German Hohn (mocking), Ancient Greek καυνός (kaunós, bad, ugly).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

kauns m (1st declension)

  1. shame (moral feeling associated with discomfort felt as a consequence of some (offensive) act, action)
    pārņemt kaunsto take, accept the shame
    raudāt aiz kaunato cry of shame
    nosarkt aiz kaunato blush from shame
    izjust dziļu kaunuto feel deep shame
    pārdzīvot lielu kaunuto experience great shame
    aiz kauna nezināt ko darītto not know what to do from shame
    seja deg kaunā(his) face is burning in shame
    nu pašam man par sevi kaunsI feel ashamed of myself
  2. shame (unpleasant feeling caused by a certain situation, or by (one's or someone else's) inappropriate action, behavior)
    kauns rādīt asarasashamed (lit. shame) to shed tears
    kauns lūgt palīdzībuashamed (lit. shame) to ask for help
    kauns par netīro apģērbuashamed (lit. shame) of (one's) dirty clothes
    kā tev nav kauna?aren't you ashamed (lit. how have you no shame)?
    vai tev nemaz nav kauna, Ines?have you no shame at all, Ines?
    kauns rādīties (kādam) acīsashamed (lit. shame) to show oneself in front of (lit. in the eyes of) someone
    es saprotu, tev kauns, ka man ir bērns no cita; tev ir bail, ka cilvēki varbūt smiesiesI understand, you are ashamed (lit. have shame) that I have a child from another (man); you are afraid that people will maybe laugh
  3. shame, disgrace, dishonor (condition in which one feels or causes shame)
    piedzīvot kaunuto experience shame
    uzskatīt kaunuto consider (something) a shame
    izdzīt ar kaunuto cast (someone) out in shame'
    kauna pilna rīcībashameful (lit. shame-filled) behavior
    (pa)darīt kaunu (kādam)to cause (someone) shame
    kauna stabspillory (lit. shame post)
    kauna zīmesign of shame
  4. (usually genitive, used adjectivally) shameful, morally negative
    kauna darbsshameful work, mean act
    kauna lietashameful matter, disgrace
    kauna traipsblemish (lit. shameful spot)
  5. (used as an interjection) what a shame!
    kauns, staltais daugavieti!what a shame, (my) tall Daugavian!
  6. shame, shyness, timidity
    atmest kaunuto throw away, to abandon shame
    par to, ko aiz neziņas kādreiz vai kauna projām dzinām, par to, ko aiz pierastības neatzināmabout that which we sometimes drive away because of ignorance or shame, about that which we because of habit do not acknowledge

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References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kauns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN