kavuta

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kabut'ak (compare Karelian kavuta and Veps kabuta).

Pronunciation

Verb

kavuta

  1. to climb
  2. to clamber (climb something with some difficulty, or in a haphazard fashion)
  3. to shin up (climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like)

Conjugation

Inflection of kavuta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa, p-v gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapuan en kapua 1st sing. olen kavunnut en ole kavunnut
2nd sing. kapuat et kapua 2nd sing. olet kavunnut et ole kavunnut
3rd sing. kapuaa ei kapua 3rd sing. on kavunnut ei ole kavunnut
1st plur. kapuamme emme kapua 1st plur. olemme kavunneet emme ole kavunneet
2nd plur. kapuatte ette kapua 2nd plur. olette kavunneet ette ole kavunneet
3rd plur. kapuavat eivät kapua 3rd plur. ovat kavunneet eivät ole kavunneet
passive kavutaan ei kavuta passive on kavuttu ei ole kavuttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapusin en kavunnut 1st sing. olin kavunnut en ollut kavunnut
2nd sing. kapusit et kavunnut 2nd sing. olit kavunnut et ollut kavunnut
3rd sing. kapusi ei kavunnut 3rd sing. oli kavunnut ei ollut kavunnut
1st plur. kapusimme emme kavunneet 1st plur. olimme kavunneet emme olleet kavunneet
2nd plur. kapusitte ette kavunneet 2nd plur. olitte kavunneet ette olleet kavunneet
3rd plur. kapusivat eivät kavunneet 3rd plur. olivat kavunneet eivät olleet kavunneet
passive kavuttiin ei kavuttu passive oli kavuttu ei ollut kavuttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kapuaisin
kapuisin 		en kapuaisi
en kapuisi 		1st sing. olisin kavunnut en olisi kavunnut
2nd sing. kapuaisit
kapuisit 		et kapuaisi
et kapuisi 		2nd sing. olisit kavunnut et olisi kavunnut
3rd sing. kapuaisi
kapuisi 		ei kapuaisi
ei kapuisi 		3rd sing. olisi kavunnut ei olisi kavunnut
1st plur. kapuaisimme
kapuisimme 		emme kapuaisi
emme kapuisi 		1st plur. olisimme kavunneet emme olisi kavunneet
2nd plur. kapuaisitte
kapuisitte 		ette kapuaisi
ette kapuisi 		2nd plur. olisitte kavunneet ette olisi kavunneet
3rd plur. kapuaisivat
kapuisivat 		eivät kapuaisi
eivät kapuisi 		3rd plur. olisivat kavunneet eivät olisi kavunneet
passive kavuttaisiin ei kavuttaisi passive olisi kavuttu ei olisi kavuttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. kapua älä kapua 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. kavutkoon älköön kavutko 3rd sing. olkoon kavunnut älköön olko kavunnut
1st plur. kavutkaamme älkäämme kavutko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. kavutkaa älkää kavutko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. kavutkoot älkööt kavutko 3rd plur. olkoot kavunneet älkööt olko kavunneet
passive kavuttakoon älköön kavuttako passive olkoon kavuttu älköön olko kavuttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kavunnen en kavunne 1st sing. lienen kavunnut en liene kavunnut
2nd sing. kavunnet et kavunne 2nd sing. lienet kavunnut et liene kavunnut
3rd sing. kavunnee ei kavunne 3rd sing. lienee kavunnut ei liene kavunnut
1st plur. kavunnemme emme kavunne 1st plur. lienemme kavunneet emme liene kavunneet
2nd plur. kavunnette ette kavunne 2nd plur. lienette kavunneet ette liene kavunneet
3rd plur. kavunnevat eivät kavunne 3rd plur. lienevät kavunneet eivät liene kavunneet
passive kavuttaneen ei kavuttane passive lienee kavuttu ei liene kavuttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st kavuta present kapuava kavuttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kavutakseni kavutaksemme
2nd kavutaksesi kavutaksenne
3rd kavutakseen
kavutaksensa
past kavunnut kavuttu
2nd inessive2 kavutessa kavuttaessa agent4 kapuama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kavutessani kavutessamme
2nd kavutessasi kavutessanne
3rd kavutessaan
kavutessansa
negative kapuamaton
instructive kavuten —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive kapuamassa —
elative kapuamasta —
illative kapuamaan —
adessive kapuamalla —
abessive kapuamatta —
instructive kapuaman kavuttaman
4th3 verbal noun kapuaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kapuamaisillani kapuamaisillamme
2nd kapuamaisillasi kapuamaisillanne
3rd kapuamaisillaan
kapuamaisillansa

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kabut'ak. Cognates include Finnish kavuta and Veps kabuta.

Pronunciation

Verb

kavuta

  1. (intransitive) to climb

Conjugation

Conjugation of kavuta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kappuun en kappuu 1st singular oon kavunt, oon kavunnut en oo kavunt, en oo kavunnut
2nd singular kappuut et kappuu 2nd singular oot kavunt, oot kavunnut et oo kavunt, et oo kavunnut
3rd singular kapujaa ei kappuu 3rd singular ono kavunt, ono kavunnut ei oo kavunt, ei oo kavunnut
1st plural kappuumma emmä kappuu 1st plural oomma kavunneet emmä oo kavunneet
2nd plural kappuutta että kappuu 2nd plural ootta kavunneet että oo kavunneet
3rd plural kapujaat1), kappuuvat2), kavutaa evät kappuu, ei kavuta 3rd plural ovat kavunneet evät oo kavunneet, ei oo kavuttu
impersonal kavutaa ei kavuta impersonal ono kavuttu ei oo kavuttu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kapuisin en kavunt, en kavunnut 1st singular olin kavunt, olin kavunnut en olt kavunt, en olt kavunnut
2nd singular kapuisit, kappuist1) et kavunt, et kavunnut 2nd singular olit kavunt, olit kavunnut et olt kavunt, et olt kavunnut
3rd singular kapuis ei kavunt, ei kavunnut 3rd singular oli kavunt, oli kavunnut ei olt kavunt, ei olt kavunnut
1st plural kapuisimma emmä kavunneet 1st plural olimma kavunneet emmä olleet kavunneet
2nd plural kapuisitta että kavunneet 2nd plural olitta kavunneet että olleet kavunneet
3rd plural kapuisiit1), kapuisivat2), kavuttii evät kavunneet, ei kavuttu 3rd plural olivat kavunneet evät olleet kavunneet, ei olt kavuttu
impersonal kavuttii ei kavuttu impersonal oli kavuttu ei olt kavuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular kapujaisin en kapujais 1st singular olisin kavunt, olisin kavunnut en olis kavunt, en olis kavunnut
2nd singular kapujaisit, kapujaist1) et kapujais 2nd singular olisit kavunt, olisit kavunnut et olis kavunt, et olis kavunnut
3rd singular kapujais ei kapujais 3rd singular olis kavunt, olis kavunnut ei olis kavunt, ei olis kavunnut
1st plural kapujaisimma emmä kapujais 1st plural olisimma kavunneet emmä olis kavunneet
2nd plural kapujaisitta että kapujais 2nd plural olisitta kavunneet että olis kavunneet
3rd plural kapujaisiit1), kapujaisivat2), kavuttais evät kapujais, ei kavuttais 3rd plural olisivat kavunneet evät olis kavunneet, ei olis kavuttu
impersonal kavuttais ei kavuttais impersonal olis kavuttu ei olis kavuttu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular kappuu elä kappuu 2nd singular oo kavunt, oo kavunnut elä oo kavunt, elä oo kavunnut
3rd singular kavutkoo elköö kavutko 3rd singular olkoo kavunt, olkoo kavunnut elköö olko kavunt, elköö olko kavunnut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural kavutkaa elkää kavutko 2nd plural olkaa kavunneet elkää olko kavunneet
3rd plural kavutkoot elkööt kavutko, elköö kavuttako 3rd plural olkoot kavunneet elkööt olko kavunneet, elköö olko kavuttu
impersonal kavuttakkoo elköö kavuttako impersonal olkoo kavuttu elköö olko kavuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular kavunnen en kavunne
2nd singular kavunnet et kavunne
3rd singular kavunnoo ei kavunne
1st plural kavunnemma emmä kavunne
2nd plural kavunnetta että kavunne
3rd plural kavunnoot evät kavunne, ei kavuttane
impersonal kavuttannoo ei kavuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st kavuta present kappuuva kavuttava
2nd inessive kavutees past kavunt, kavunnut kavuttu
instructive kavuten 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kavutkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative kappuumaa
inessive kappuumaas
elative kappuumast
abessive kappuumata
4th nominative kappuumiin
partitive kappuumista, kappuumist

Synonyms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 147
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