kawula

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Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, servant; subject; I, me), from Old Javanese kawula (servant, follower, subject). Reconstructed as ke- +‎ *wula.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la

Noun

kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)

  1. servant
    Synonyms: abdi, hamba
  2. slave
    Synonym: budak

Pronoun

kawula

  1. (archaic) I (me, my)
    Synonym: saya

Derived terms

Further reading

Javanese

Romanization

kawula

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (servant, follower, subject).

Pronunciation

Noun

kawula

  1. (Javanese) slave

Pronoun

kawula

  1. (Javanese) I (me, my)

Synonyms

Further reading

Old Javanese

Etymology

Unknown, probably wula +‎ ka-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ka.wu.la/
  • Rhymes: -la
  • Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la

Noun

kawula

  1. servant, follower, subject

Derived terms

Descendants

  • > Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)
    • Indonesian: kawula
    • Malay: kawula, kaola

Further reading

  • "kawula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.