kerta

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kërta (compare Estonian kord), borrowed from Proto-Baltic (compare Old Prussian kērdā, Lithuanian kartas), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert- (time) (compare Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛt, once), from *sm̥-kŕ̥t). Related to Erzya кирда (kirda, turn; habit, manner; party, feast), ламонь кирда (lamoń kirda, many times).

Pronunciation

Noun

kerta

  1. time, occasion (particular instance or occurrence)
    Kun tapasin hänet ensimmäisen kerran, hänellä oli yllään vaaleanpunainen puku.
    When I met him for the first time he was wearing a pink suit.
    Täällä on joka kerta yhtä hauskaa.
    Every time it's equally fun to be here.
    Saat anteeksi poissaolosi, mutta tämä on viimeinen kerta.
    I'll excuse your absence, but this is the last time!
    Hän on valehdellut minulle kaksi kertaa.
    She has lied to me on two occasions.
  2. time (ratio of comparison)
    Koirasi on neljä kertaa niin painava kuin minun.
    Your dog is four times as heavy as mine.
  3. layer
    Synonym: kerros
  4. nonce (one or single occasion, in the expression "for the nonce")
    Se kelpaa tämän kerran, mutta pidemmän päälle tarvitsemme paremman vastauksen.
    That will do for the nonce, but we'll need a better answer for the long term.
  5. (in compounds) one-off, one-time (occurring once, independent of any pattern)
    Hallitus väitti, että verotietojen nolo katoaminen oli kertatapaus.
    The government insisted that the embarrassing loss of the tax records was a one-off event.
  6. (in compounds) disposable
    kertavaippadisposable diaper
  7. (now in compounds) floor
    alakertalower floor

Usage notes

  • -sti may be substituted with numbers larger than one when explaining how many times something has happened:
    Olen käynyt Japanissa kolme kertaa. / Olen käynyt Japanissa kolmesti.
    I have visited Japan three times.

Declension

Inflection of kerta (Kotus type 9*K/kala, rt-rr gradation)
nominative kerta kerrat
genitive kerran kertojen
partitive kertaa kertoja
illative kertaan kertoihin
singular plural
nominative kerta kerrat
accusative nom. kerta kerrat
gen. kerran
genitive kerran kertojen
kertain rare
partitive kertaa kertoja
inessive kerrassa kerroissa
elative kerrasta kerroista
illative kertaan kertoihin
adessive kerralla kerroilla
ablative kerralta kerroilta
allative kerralle kerroille
essive kertana kertoina
translative kerraksi kerroiksi
abessive kerratta kerroitta
instructive kerroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of kerta (Kotus type 9*K/kala, rt-rr gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kertani kertani
accusative nom. kertani kertani
gen. kertani
genitive kertani kertojeni
kertaini rare
partitive kertaani kertojani
inessive kerrassani kerroissani
elative kerrastani kerroistani
illative kertaani kertoihini
adessive kerrallani kerroillani
ablative kerraltani kerroiltani
allative kerralleni kerroilleni
essive kertanani kertoinani
translative kerrakseni kerroikseni
abessive kerrattani kerroittani
instructive
comitative kertoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kertasi kertasi
accusative nom. kertasi kertasi
gen. kertasi
genitive kertasi kertojesi
kertaisi rare
partitive kertaasi kertojasi
inessive kerrassasi kerroissasi
elative kerrastasi kerroistasi
illative kertaasi kertoihisi
adessive kerrallasi kerroillasi
ablative kerraltasi kerroiltasi
allative kerrallesi kerroillesi
essive kertanasi kertoinasi
translative kerraksesi kerroiksesi
abessive kerrattasi kerroittasi
instructive
comitative kertoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kertamme kertamme
accusative nom. kertamme kertamme
gen. kertamme
genitive kertamme kertojemme
kertaimme rare
partitive kertaamme kertojamme
inessive kerrassamme kerroissamme
elative kerrastamme kerroistamme
illative kertaamme kertoihimme
adessive kerrallamme kerroillamme
ablative kerraltamme kerroiltamme
allative kerrallemme kerroillemme
essive kertanamme kertoinamme
translative kerraksemme kerroiksemme
abessive kerrattamme kerroittamme
instructive
comitative kertoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kertanne kertanne
accusative nom. kertanne kertanne
gen. kertanne
genitive kertanne kertojenne
kertainne rare
partitive kertaanne kertojanne
inessive kerrassanne kerroissanne
elative kerrastanne kerroistanne
illative kertaanne kertoihinne
adessive kerrallanne kerroillanne
ablative kerraltanne kerroiltanne
allative kerrallenne kerroillenne
essive kertananne kertoinanne
translative kerraksenne kerroiksenne
abessive kerrattanne kerroittanne
instructive
comitative kertoinenne

Derived terms

compounds

Adverb

kerta (colloquial)

  1. Synonym of kerran (when, since)
    Ei sitten, jos et kerta uskalla.
    Fine then, if you don't dare.

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kërta, from a Baltic language. Cognates include Finnish kerta and Estonian kord.

Pronunciation

Noun

kerta

  1. time, occasion
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9:
      Șura siin kuus ei yhtkää kertaa mööhästynt.
      That month Šura wasn't late even one time.
  2. storey, floor

Declension

Declension of kerta (type 3/kana, rt-rr gradation)
singular plural
nominative kerta kerrat
genitive kerran kertoin
partitive kertaa kertoja
illative kertaa kertoi
inessive kerraas kerrois
elative kerrast kerroist
allative kerralle kerroille
adessive kerraal kerroil
ablative kerralt kerroilt
translative kerraks kerroiks
essive kertanna, kertaan kertoinna, kertoin
exessive1) kertant kertoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

References

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 61
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 155

Javanese

Romanization

kerta

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦼꦂꦠ