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Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-káma (“squeeze, wring”).
Verb
-kháma
- to choke
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Pali
Alternative scripts
- 𑀔𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- खम (Devanagari script)
- খম (Bengali script)
- ඛම (Sinhalese script)
- ခမ or ၶမ (Burmese script)
- ขม or ขะมะ (Thai script)
- ᨡᨾ (Tai Tham script)
- ຂມ or ຂະມະ (Lao script)
- ខម (Khmer script)
- 𑄈𑄟 (Chakma script)
Etymology
Formed from the root kham, possibly in a stage earlier than Pali.
Adjective
khama
- patient, forgiving
- enduring, hardened to
Declension
Declension table of "khama" (masculine)
Declension table of "khamā" (feminine)
Declension table of "khama" (neuter)
Derived terms
Verb
khama
- second-person singular imperative active of khamati (“to forgive”)
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-káma (“squeeze, wring”).
Verb
-kháma
- to squeeze, to throttle
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-káma (“squeeze, wring”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /kʰaːma/
Verb
-khâma
- to press, to squeeze, to wring out
- to drain off
Inflection
Tone HH
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhama
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhama
|
ukungakhami
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
khama
|
-khame
|
Plural
|
khamani
|
-khameni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyakhama, ngikhama
|
engikhamayo, engikhama
|
ngikhama
|
angikhami
|
engingakhami
|
ngingakhami
|
2nd singular
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ukhama
|
awukhami
|
ongakhami
|
ungakhami
|
1st plural
|
siyakhama, sikhama
|
esikhamayo, esikhama
|
sikhama
|
asikhami
|
esingakhami
|
singakhami
|
2nd plural
|
niyakhama, nikhama
|
enikhamayo, enikhama
|
nikhama
|
anikhami
|
eningakhami
|
ningakhami
|
Class 1
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ekhama
|
akakhami
|
ongakhami
|
engakhami
|
Class 2
|
bayakhama, bakhama
|
abakhamayo, abakhama
|
bekhama
|
abakhami
|
abangakhami
|
bengakhami
|
Class 3
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ukhama
|
awukhami
|
ongakhami
|
ungakhami
|
Class 4
|
iyakhama, ikhama
|
ekhamayo, ekhama
|
ikhama
|
ayikhami
|
engakhami
|
ingakhami
|
Class 5
|
liyakhama, likhama
|
elikhamayo, elikhama
|
likhama
|
alikhami
|
elingakhami
|
lingakhami
|
Class 6
|
ayakhama, akhama
|
akhamayo, akhama
|
ekhama
|
awakhami
|
angakhami
|
engakhami
|
Class 7
|
siyakhama, sikhama
|
esikhamayo, esikhama
|
sikhama
|
asikhami
|
esingakhami
|
singakhami
|
Class 8
|
ziyakhama, zikhama
|
ezikhamayo, ezikhama
|
zikhama
|
azikhami
|
ezingakhami
|
zingakhami
|
Class 9
|
iyakhama, ikhama
|
ekhamayo, ekhama
|
ikhama
|
ayikhami
|
engakhami
|
ingakhami
|
Class 10
|
ziyakhama, zikhama
|
ezikhamayo, ezikhama
|
zikhama
|
azikhami
|
ezingakhami
|
zingakhami
|
Class 11
|
luyakhama, lukhama
|
olukhamayo, olukhama
|
lukhama
|
alukhami
|
olungakhami
|
lungakhami
|
Class 14
|
buyakhama, bukhama
|
obukhamayo, obukhama
|
bukhama
|
abukhami
|
obungakhami
|
bungakhami
|
Class 15
|
kuyakhama, kukhama
|
okukhamayo, okukhama
|
kukhama
|
akukhami
|
okungakhami
|
kungakhami
|
Class 17
|
kuyakhama, kukhama
|
okukhamayo, okukhama
|
kukhama
|
akukhami
|
okungakhami
|
kungakhami
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngikhamile, ngikhamē
|
engikhamile, engikhamē
|
ngikhamile, ngikhamē
|
angikhamanga
|
engingakhamanga
|
ngingakhamanga
|
2nd singular
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
1st plural
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
esikhamile, esikhamē
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
2nd plural
|
nikhamile, nikhamē
|
enikhamile, enikhamē
|
nikhamile, nikhamē
|
anikhamanga
|
eningakhamanga
|
ningakhamanga
|
Class 1
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
akakhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 2
|
bakhamile, bakhamē
|
abakhamile, abakhamē
|
bekhamile, bekhamē
|
abakhamanga
|
abangakhamanga
|
bengakhamanga
|
Class 3
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
Class 4
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 5
|
likhamile, likhamē
|
elikhamile, elikhamē
|
likhamile, likhamē
|
alikhamanga
|
elingakhamanga
|
lingakhamanga
|
Class 6
|
akhamile, akhamē
|
akhamile, akhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
awakhamanga
|
angakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 7
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
esikhamile, esikhamē
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
Class 8
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
ezikhamile, ezikhamē
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 9
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 10
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
ezikhamile, ezikhamē
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 11
|
lukhamile, lukhamē
|
olukhamile, olukhamē
|
lukhamile, lukhamē
|
alukhamanga
|
olungakhamanga
|
lungakhamanga
|
Class 14
|
bukhamile, bukhamē
|
obukhamile, obukhamē
|
bukhamile, bukhamē
|
abukhamanga
|
obungakhamanga
|
bungakhamanga
|
Class 15
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
okukhamile, okukhamē
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
Class 17
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
okukhamile, okukhamē
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngākhama
|
engākhama
|
ngākhama
|
angikhamanga
|
engingakhamanga
|
ngingakhamanga
|
2nd singular
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
wākhama
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
1st plural
|
sākhama
|
esākhama
|
sākhama
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
2nd plural
|
nākhama
|
enākhama
|
nākhama
|
anikhamanga
|
eningakhamanga
|
ningakhamanga
|
Class 1
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
ākhama
|
akakhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 2
|
bākhama
|
abākhama
|
bākhama
|
abakhamanga
|
abangakhamanga
|
bengakhamanga
|
Class 3
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
wākhama
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
Class 4
|
yākhama
|
eyākhama
|
yākhama
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 5
|
lākhama
|
elākhama
|
lākhama
|
alikhamanga
|
elingakhamanga
|
lingakhamanga
|
Class 6
|
ākhama
|
ākhama
|
ākhama
|
awakhamanga
|
angakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 7
|
sākhama
|
esākhama
|
sākhama
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
Class 8
|
zākhama
|
ezākhama
|
zākhama
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 9
|
yākhama
|
eyākhama
|
yākhama
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 10
|
zākhama
|
ezākhama
|
zākhama
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 11
|
lwākhama
|
olwākhama
|
lwākhama
|
alukhamanga
|
olungakhamanga
|
lungakhamanga
|
Class 14
|
bākhama
|
obākhama
|
bākhama
|
abukhamanga
|
obungakhamanga
|
bungakhamanga
|
Class 15
|
kwākhama
|
okwākhama
|
kwākhama
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
Class 17
|
kwākhama
|
okwākhama
|
kwākhama
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingakhama
|
—
|
ngingakhama
|
ngingekhame
|
—
|
ngingekhame
|
2nd singular
|
ungakhama
|
—
|
ungakhama
|
ungekhame
|
—
|
ungekhame
|
1st plural
|
singakhama
|
—
|
singakhama
|
singekhame
|
—
|
singekhame
|
2nd plural
|
ningakhama
|
—
|
ningakhama
|
ningekhame
|
—
|
ningekhame
|
Class 1
|
angakhama
|
—
|
engakhama
|
angekhame
|
—
|
engekhame
|
Class 2
|
bangakhama
|
—
|
bengakhama
|
bangekhame
|
—
|
bengekhame
|
Class 3
|
ungakhama
|
—
|
ungakhama
|
ungekhame
|
—
|
ungekhame
|
Class 4
|
ingakhama
|
—
|
ingakhama
|
ingekhame
|
—
|
ingekhame
|
Class 5
|
lingakhama
|
—
|
lingakhama
|
lingekhame
|
—
|
lingekhame
|
Class 6
|
angakhama
|
—
|
engakhama
|
angekhame
|
—
|
engekhame
|
Class 7
|
singakhama
|
—
|
singakhama
|
singekhame
|
—
|
singekhame
|
Class 8
|
zingakhama
|
—
|
zingakhama
|
zingekhame
|
—
|
zingekhame
|
Class 9
|
ingakhama
|
—
|
ingakhama
|
ingekhame
|
—
|
ingekhame
|
Class 10
|
zingakhama
|
—
|
zingakhama
|
zingekhame
|
—
|
zingekhame
|
Class 11
|
lungakhama
|
—
|
lungakhama
|
lungekhame
|
—
|
lungekhame
|
Class 14
|
bungakhama
|
—
|
bungakhama
|
bungekhame
|
—
|
bungekhame
|
Class 15
|
kungakhama
|
—
|
kungakhama
|
kungekhame
|
—
|
kungekhame
|
Class 17
|
kungakhama
|
—
|
kungakhama
|
kungekhame
|
—
|
kungekhame
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokhama
|
engizokhama
|
ngizokhama
|
angizukhama
|
engingezukhama
|
ngingezukhama
|
2nd singular
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
uzokhama
|
awuzukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
ungezukhama
|
1st plural
|
sizokhama
|
esizokhama
|
sizokhama
|
asizukhama
|
esingezukhama
|
singezukhama
|
2nd plural
|
nizokhama
|
enizokhama
|
nizokhama
|
anizukhama
|
eningezukhama
|
ningezukhama
|
Class 1
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
ezokhama
|
akazukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
engezukhama
|
Class 2
|
bazokhama
|
abazokhama
|
bezokhama
|
abazukhama
|
abangezukhama
|
bengezukhama
|
Class 3
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
uzokhama
|
awuzukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
ungezukhama
|
Class 4
|
izokhama
|
ezokhama
|
izokhama
|
ayizukhama
|
engezukhama
|
ingezukhama
|
Class 5
|
lizokhama
|
elizokhama
|
lizokhama
|
alizukhama
|
elingezukhama
|
lingezukhama
|
Class 6
|
azokhama
|
azokhama
|
ezokhama
|
awazukhama
|
angezukhama
|
engezukhama
|
Class 7
|
sizokhama
|
esizokhama
|
sizokhama
|
asizukhama
|
esingezukhama
|
singezukhama
|
Class 8
|
zizokhama
|
ezizokhama
|
zizokhama
|
azizukhama
|
ezingezukhama
|
zingezukhama
|
Class 9
|
izokhama
|
ezokhama
|
izokhama
|
ayizukhama
|
engezukhama
|
ingezukhama
|
Class 10
|
zizokhama
|
ezizokhama
|
zizokhama
|
azizukhama
|
ezingezukhama
|
zingezukhama
|
Class 11
|
luzokhama
|
oluzokhama
|
luzokhama
|
aluzukhama
|
olungezukhama
|
lungezukhama
|
Class 14
|
buzokhama
|
obuzokhama
|
buzokhama
|
abuzukhama
|
obungezukhama
|
bungezukhama
|
Class 15
|
kuzokhama
|
okuzokhama
|
kuzokhama
|
akuzukhama
|
okungezukhama
|
kungezukhama
|
Class 17
|
kuzokhama
|
okuzokhama
|
kuzokhama
|
akuzukhama
|
okungezukhama
|
kungezukhama
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokhama
|
engiyokhama
|
ngiyokhama
|
angiyukhama
|
engingeyukhama
|
ngingeyukhama
|
2nd singular
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
uyokhama
|
awuyukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
ungeyukhama
|
1st plural
|
siyokhama
|
esiyokhama
|
siyokhama
|
asiyukhama
|
esingeyukhama
|
singeyukhama
|
2nd plural
|
niyokhama
|
eniyokhama
|
niyokhama
|
aniyukhama
|
eningeyukhama
|
ningeyukhama
|
Class 1
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
akayukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
Class 2
|
bayokhama
|
abayokhama
|
beyokhama
|
abayukhama
|
abangeyukhama
|
bengeyukhama
|
Class 3
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
uyokhama
|
awuyukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
ungeyukhama
|
Class 4
|
iyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
iyokhama
|
ayiyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
ingeyukhama
|
Class 5
|
liyokhama
|
eliyokhama
|
liyokhama
|
aliyukhama
|
elingeyukhama
|
lingeyukhama
|
Class 6
|
ayokhama
|
ayokhama
|
eyokhama
|
awayukhama
|
angeyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
Class 7
|
siyokhama
|
esiyokhama
|
siyokhama
|
asiyukhama
|
esingeyukhama
|
singeyukhama
|
Class 8
|
ziyokhama
|
eziyokhama
|
ziyokhama
|
aziyukhama
|
ezingeyukhama
|
zingeyukhama
|
Class 9
|
iyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
iyokhama
|
ayiyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
ingeyukhama
|
Class 10
|
ziyokhama
|
eziyokhama
|
ziyokhama
|
aziyukhama
|
ezingeyukhama
|
zingeyukhama
|
Class 11
|
luyokhama
|
oluyokhama
|
luyokhama
|
aluyukhama
|
olungeyukhama
|
lungeyukhama
|
Class 14
|
buyokhama
|
obuyokhama
|
buyokhama
|
abuyukhama
|
obungeyukhama
|
bungeyukhama
|
Class 15
|
kuyokhama
|
okuyokhama
|
kuyokhama
|
akuyukhama
|
okungeyukhama
|
kungeyukhama
|
Class 17
|
kuyokhama
|
okuyokhama
|
kuyokhama
|
akuyukhama
|
okungeyukhama
|
kungeyukhama
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngikhame
|
ngingakhami
|
2nd singular
|
ukhame
|
ungakhami
|
1st plural
|
sikhame
|
singakhami
|
2nd plural
|
nikhame
|
ningakhami
|
Class 1
|
akhame
|
angakhami
|
Class 2
|
bakhame
|
bangakhami
|
Class 3
|
ukhame
|
ungakhami
|
Class 4
|
ikhame
|
ingakhami
|
Class 5
|
likhame
|
lingakhami
|
Class 6
|
akhame
|
angakhami
|
Class 7
|
sikhame
|
singakhami
|
Class 8
|
zikhame
|
zingakhami
|
Class 9
|
ikhame
|
ingakhami
|
Class 10
|
zikhame
|
zingakhami
|
Class 11
|
lukhame
|
lungakhami
|
Class 14
|
bukhame
|
bungakhami
|
Class 15
|
kukhame
|
kungakhami
|
Class 17
|
kukhame
|
kungakhami
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngakhama
|
ngangakhama, angakhama, angangakhama
|
2nd singular
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
1st plural
|
sakhama
|
sangakhama, asakhama, asangakhama
|
2nd plural
|
nakhama
|
nangakhama, anakhama, anangakhama
|
Class 1
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, akakhama, akangakhama
|
Class 2
|
bakhama
|
bangakhama, abakhama, abangakhama
|
Class 3
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
Class 4
|
yakhama
|
yangakhama, ayakhama, ayangakhama
|
Class 5
|
lakhama
|
langakhama, alakhama, alangakhama
|
Class 6
|
akhama
|
angakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
Class 7
|
sakhama
|
sangakhama, asakhama, asangakhama
|
Class 8
|
zakhama
|
zangakhama, azakhama, azangakhama
|
Class 9
|
yakhama
|
yangakhama, ayakhama, ayangakhama
|
Class 10
|
zakhama
|
zangakhama, azakhama, azangakhama
|
Class 11
|
lwakhama
|
lwangakhama, alwakhama, alwangakhama
|
Class 14
|
bakhama
|
bangakhama, abakhama, abangakhama
|
Class 15
|
kwakhama
|
kwangakhama, akwakhama, akwangakhama
|
Class 17
|
kwakhama
|
kwangakhama, akwakhama, akwangakhama
|
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /kʰaːma/
Verb
-kháma
- (obsolete) to be agape, to have the mouth open
Inflection
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhama
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhama
|
ukungakhami
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
khama
|
-khame
|
Plural
|
khamani
|
-khameni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyakhama, ngikhama
|
engikhamayo, engikhama
|
ngikhama
|
angikhami
|
engingakhami
|
ngingakhami
|
2nd singular
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ukhama
|
awukhami
|
ongakhami
|
ungakhami
|
1st plural
|
siyakhama, sikhama
|
esikhamayo, esikhama
|
sikhama
|
asikhami
|
esingakhami
|
singakhami
|
2nd plural
|
niyakhama, nikhama
|
enikhamayo, enikhama
|
nikhama
|
anikhami
|
eningakhami
|
ningakhami
|
Class 1
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ekhama
|
akakhami
|
ongakhami
|
engakhami
|
Class 2
|
bayakhama, bakhama
|
abakhamayo, abakhama
|
bekhama
|
abakhami
|
abangakhami
|
bengakhami
|
Class 3
|
uyakhama, ukhama
|
okhamayo, okhama
|
ukhama
|
awukhami
|
ongakhami
|
ungakhami
|
Class 4
|
iyakhama, ikhama
|
ekhamayo, ekhama
|
ikhama
|
ayikhami
|
engakhami
|
ingakhami
|
Class 5
|
liyakhama, likhama
|
elikhamayo, elikhama
|
likhama
|
alikhami
|
elingakhami
|
lingakhami
|
Class 6
|
ayakhama, akhama
|
akhamayo, akhama
|
ekhama
|
awakhami
|
angakhami
|
engakhami
|
Class 7
|
siyakhama, sikhama
|
esikhamayo, esikhama
|
sikhama
|
asikhami
|
esingakhami
|
singakhami
|
Class 8
|
ziyakhama, zikhama
|
ezikhamayo, ezikhama
|
zikhama
|
azikhami
|
ezingakhami
|
zingakhami
|
Class 9
|
iyakhama, ikhama
|
ekhamayo, ekhama
|
ikhama
|
ayikhami
|
engakhami
|
ingakhami
|
Class 10
|
ziyakhama, zikhama
|
ezikhamayo, ezikhama
|
zikhama
|
azikhami
|
ezingakhami
|
zingakhami
|
Class 11
|
luyakhama, lukhama
|
olukhamayo, olukhama
|
lukhama
|
alukhami
|
olungakhami
|
lungakhami
|
Class 14
|
buyakhama, bukhama
|
obukhamayo, obukhama
|
bukhama
|
abukhami
|
obungakhami
|
bungakhami
|
Class 15
|
kuyakhama, kukhama
|
okukhamayo, okukhama
|
kukhama
|
akukhami
|
okungakhami
|
kungakhami
|
Class 17
|
kuyakhama, kukhama
|
okukhamayo, okukhama
|
kukhama
|
akukhami
|
okungakhami
|
kungakhami
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngikhamile, ngikhamē
|
engikhamile, engikhamē
|
ngikhamile, ngikhamē
|
angikhamanga
|
engingakhamanga
|
ngingakhamanga
|
2nd singular
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
1st plural
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
esikhamile, esikhamē
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
2nd plural
|
nikhamile, nikhamē
|
enikhamile, enikhamē
|
nikhamile, nikhamē
|
anikhamanga
|
eningakhamanga
|
ningakhamanga
|
Class 1
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
akakhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 2
|
bakhamile, bakhamē
|
abakhamile, abakhamē
|
bekhamile, bekhamē
|
abakhamanga
|
abangakhamanga
|
bengakhamanga
|
Class 3
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
okhamile, okhamē
|
ukhamile, ukhamē
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
Class 4
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 5
|
likhamile, likhamē
|
elikhamile, elikhamē
|
likhamile, likhamē
|
alikhamanga
|
elingakhamanga
|
lingakhamanga
|
Class 6
|
akhamile, akhamē
|
akhamile, akhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
awakhamanga
|
angakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 7
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
esikhamile, esikhamē
|
sikhamile, sikhamē
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
Class 8
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
ezikhamile, ezikhamē
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 9
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ekhamile, ekhamē
|
ikhamile, ikhamē
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 10
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
ezikhamile, ezikhamē
|
zikhamile, zikhamē
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 11
|
lukhamile, lukhamē
|
olukhamile, olukhamē
|
lukhamile, lukhamē
|
alukhamanga
|
olungakhamanga
|
lungakhamanga
|
Class 14
|
bukhamile, bukhamē
|
obukhamile, obukhamē
|
bukhamile, bukhamē
|
abukhamanga
|
obungakhamanga
|
bungakhamanga
|
Class 15
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
okukhamile, okukhamē
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
Class 17
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
okukhamile, okukhamē
|
kukhamile, kukhamē
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngākhama
|
engākhama
|
ngākhama
|
angikhamanga
|
engingakhamanga
|
ngingakhamanga
|
2nd singular
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
wākhama
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
1st plural
|
sākhama
|
esākhama
|
sākhama
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
2nd plural
|
nākhama
|
enākhama
|
nākhama
|
anikhamanga
|
eningakhamanga
|
ningakhamanga
|
Class 1
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
ākhama
|
akakhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 2
|
bākhama
|
abākhama
|
bākhama
|
abakhamanga
|
abangakhamanga
|
bengakhamanga
|
Class 3
|
wākhama
|
owākhama
|
wākhama
|
awukhamanga
|
ongakhamanga
|
ungakhamanga
|
Class 4
|
yākhama
|
eyākhama
|
yākhama
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 5
|
lākhama
|
elākhama
|
lākhama
|
alikhamanga
|
elingakhamanga
|
lingakhamanga
|
Class 6
|
ākhama
|
ākhama
|
ākhama
|
awakhamanga
|
angakhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
Class 7
|
sākhama
|
esākhama
|
sākhama
|
asikhamanga
|
esingakhamanga
|
singakhamanga
|
Class 8
|
zākhama
|
ezākhama
|
zākhama
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 9
|
yākhama
|
eyākhama
|
yākhama
|
ayikhamanga
|
engakhamanga
|
ingakhamanga
|
Class 10
|
zākhama
|
ezākhama
|
zākhama
|
azikhamanga
|
ezingakhamanga
|
zingakhamanga
|
Class 11
|
lwākhama
|
olwākhama
|
lwākhama
|
alukhamanga
|
olungakhamanga
|
lungakhamanga
|
Class 14
|
bākhama
|
obākhama
|
bākhama
|
abukhamanga
|
obungakhamanga
|
bungakhamanga
|
Class 15
|
kwākhama
|
okwākhama
|
kwākhama
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
Class 17
|
kwākhama
|
okwākhama
|
kwākhama
|
akukhamanga
|
okungakhamanga
|
kungakhamanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingakhama
|
—
|
ngingakhama
|
ngingekhame
|
—
|
ngingekhame
|
2nd singular
|
ungakhama
|
—
|
ungakhama
|
ungekhame
|
—
|
ungekhame
|
1st plural
|
singakhama
|
—
|
singakhama
|
singekhame
|
—
|
singekhame
|
2nd plural
|
ningakhama
|
—
|
ningakhama
|
ningekhame
|
—
|
ningekhame
|
Class 1
|
angakhama
|
—
|
engakhama
|
angekhame
|
—
|
engekhame
|
Class 2
|
bangakhama
|
—
|
bengakhama
|
bangekhame
|
—
|
bengekhame
|
Class 3
|
ungakhama
|
—
|
ungakhama
|
ungekhame
|
—
|
ungekhame
|
Class 4
|
ingakhama
|
—
|
ingakhama
|
ingekhame
|
—
|
ingekhame
|
Class 5
|
lingakhama
|
—
|
lingakhama
|
lingekhame
|
—
|
lingekhame
|
Class 6
|
angakhama
|
—
|
engakhama
|
angekhame
|
—
|
engekhame
|
Class 7
|
singakhama
|
—
|
singakhama
|
singekhame
|
—
|
singekhame
|
Class 8
|
zingakhama
|
—
|
zingakhama
|
zingekhame
|
—
|
zingekhame
|
Class 9
|
ingakhama
|
—
|
ingakhama
|
ingekhame
|
—
|
ingekhame
|
Class 10
|
zingakhama
|
—
|
zingakhama
|
zingekhame
|
—
|
zingekhame
|
Class 11
|
lungakhama
|
—
|
lungakhama
|
lungekhame
|
—
|
lungekhame
|
Class 14
|
bungakhama
|
—
|
bungakhama
|
bungekhame
|
—
|
bungekhame
|
Class 15
|
kungakhama
|
—
|
kungakhama
|
kungekhame
|
—
|
kungekhame
|
Class 17
|
kungakhama
|
—
|
kungakhama
|
kungekhame
|
—
|
kungekhame
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokhama
|
engizokhama
|
ngizokhama
|
angizukhama
|
engingezukhama
|
ngingezukhama
|
2nd singular
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
uzokhama
|
awuzukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
ungezukhama
|
1st plural
|
sizokhama
|
esizokhama
|
sizokhama
|
asizukhama
|
esingezukhama
|
singezukhama
|
2nd plural
|
nizokhama
|
enizokhama
|
nizokhama
|
anizukhama
|
eningezukhama
|
ningezukhama
|
Class 1
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
ezokhama
|
akazukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
engezukhama
|
Class 2
|
bazokhama
|
abazokhama
|
bezokhama
|
abazukhama
|
abangezukhama
|
bengezukhama
|
Class 3
|
uzokhama
|
ozokhama
|
uzokhama
|
awuzukhama
|
ongezukhama
|
ungezukhama
|
Class 4
|
izokhama
|
ezokhama
|
izokhama
|
ayizukhama
|
engezukhama
|
ingezukhama
|
Class 5
|
lizokhama
|
elizokhama
|
lizokhama
|
alizukhama
|
elingezukhama
|
lingezukhama
|
Class 6
|
azokhama
|
azokhama
|
ezokhama
|
awazukhama
|
angezukhama
|
engezukhama
|
Class 7
|
sizokhama
|
esizokhama
|
sizokhama
|
asizukhama
|
esingezukhama
|
singezukhama
|
Class 8
|
zizokhama
|
ezizokhama
|
zizokhama
|
azizukhama
|
ezingezukhama
|
zingezukhama
|
Class 9
|
izokhama
|
ezokhama
|
izokhama
|
ayizukhama
|
engezukhama
|
ingezukhama
|
Class 10
|
zizokhama
|
ezizokhama
|
zizokhama
|
azizukhama
|
ezingezukhama
|
zingezukhama
|
Class 11
|
luzokhama
|
oluzokhama
|
luzokhama
|
aluzukhama
|
olungezukhama
|
lungezukhama
|
Class 14
|
buzokhama
|
obuzokhama
|
buzokhama
|
abuzukhama
|
obungezukhama
|
bungezukhama
|
Class 15
|
kuzokhama
|
okuzokhama
|
kuzokhama
|
akuzukhama
|
okungezukhama
|
kungezukhama
|
Class 17
|
kuzokhama
|
okuzokhama
|
kuzokhama
|
akuzukhama
|
okungezukhama
|
kungezukhama
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokhama
|
engiyokhama
|
ngiyokhama
|
angiyukhama
|
engingeyukhama
|
ngingeyukhama
|
2nd singular
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
uyokhama
|
awuyukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
ungeyukhama
|
1st plural
|
siyokhama
|
esiyokhama
|
siyokhama
|
asiyukhama
|
esingeyukhama
|
singeyukhama
|
2nd plural
|
niyokhama
|
eniyokhama
|
niyokhama
|
aniyukhama
|
eningeyukhama
|
ningeyukhama
|
Class 1
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
akayukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
Class 2
|
bayokhama
|
abayokhama
|
beyokhama
|
abayukhama
|
abangeyukhama
|
bengeyukhama
|
Class 3
|
uyokhama
|
oyokhama
|
uyokhama
|
awuyukhama
|
ongeyukhama
|
ungeyukhama
|
Class 4
|
iyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
iyokhama
|
ayiyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
ingeyukhama
|
Class 5
|
liyokhama
|
eliyokhama
|
liyokhama
|
aliyukhama
|
elingeyukhama
|
lingeyukhama
|
Class 6
|
ayokhama
|
ayokhama
|
eyokhama
|
awayukhama
|
angeyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
Class 7
|
siyokhama
|
esiyokhama
|
siyokhama
|
asiyukhama
|
esingeyukhama
|
singeyukhama
|
Class 8
|
ziyokhama
|
eziyokhama
|
ziyokhama
|
aziyukhama
|
ezingeyukhama
|
zingeyukhama
|
Class 9
|
iyokhama
|
eyokhama
|
iyokhama
|
ayiyukhama
|
engeyukhama
|
ingeyukhama
|
Class 10
|
ziyokhama
|
eziyokhama
|
ziyokhama
|
aziyukhama
|
ezingeyukhama
|
zingeyukhama
|
Class 11
|
luyokhama
|
oluyokhama
|
luyokhama
|
aluyukhama
|
olungeyukhama
|
lungeyukhama
|
Class 14
|
buyokhama
|
obuyokhama
|
buyokhama
|
abuyukhama
|
obungeyukhama
|
bungeyukhama
|
Class 15
|
kuyokhama
|
okuyokhama
|
kuyokhama
|
akuyukhama
|
okungeyukhama
|
kungeyukhama
|
Class 17
|
kuyokhama
|
okuyokhama
|
kuyokhama
|
akuyukhama
|
okungeyukhama
|
kungeyukhama
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngikhame
|
ngingakhami
|
2nd singular
|
ukhame
|
ungakhami
|
1st plural
|
sikhame
|
singakhami
|
2nd plural
|
nikhame
|
ningakhami
|
Class 1
|
akhame
|
angakhami
|
Class 2
|
bakhame
|
bangakhami
|
Class 3
|
ukhame
|
ungakhami
|
Class 4
|
ikhame
|
ingakhami
|
Class 5
|
likhame
|
lingakhami
|
Class 6
|
akhame
|
angakhami
|
Class 7
|
sikhame
|
singakhami
|
Class 8
|
zikhame
|
zingakhami
|
Class 9
|
ikhame
|
ingakhami
|
Class 10
|
zikhame
|
zingakhami
|
Class 11
|
lukhame
|
lungakhami
|
Class 14
|
bukhame
|
bungakhami
|
Class 15
|
kukhame
|
kungakhami
|
Class 17
|
kukhame
|
kungakhami
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngakhama
|
ngangakhama, angakhama, angangakhama
|
2nd singular
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
1st plural
|
sakhama
|
sangakhama, asakhama, asangakhama
|
2nd plural
|
nakhama
|
nangakhama, anakhama, anangakhama
|
Class 1
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, akakhama, akangakhama
|
Class 2
|
bakhama
|
bangakhama, abakhama, abangakhama
|
Class 3
|
wakhama
|
wangakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
Class 4
|
yakhama
|
yangakhama, ayakhama, ayangakhama
|
Class 5
|
lakhama
|
langakhama, alakhama, alangakhama
|
Class 6
|
akhama
|
angakhama, awakhama, awangakhama
|
Class 7
|
sakhama
|
sangakhama, asakhama, asangakhama
|
Class 8
|
zakhama
|
zangakhama, azakhama, azangakhama
|
Class 9
|
yakhama
|
yangakhama, ayakhama, ayangakhama
|
Class 10
|
zakhama
|
zangakhama, azakhama, azangakhama
|
Class 11
|
lwakhama
|
lwangakhama, alwakhama, alwangakhama
|
Class 14
|
bakhama
|
bangakhama, abakhama, abangakhama
|
Class 15
|
kwakhama
|
kwangakhama, akwakhama, akwangakhama
|
Class 17
|
kwakhama
|
kwangakhama, akwakhama, akwangakhama
|
References