kitua

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kitudak, from Proto-Uralic *kičɜ (“illness”).

Pronunciation

Verb

kitua (intransitive)

  1. to suffer pain (particularly on the brink of death)
    Yliajettua jänistä ei saa jättää kitumaan.
    You cannot leave a rabbit you hit with a car to suffer.
  2. to linger (on), languish, pine (away) (to live in miserable conditions)
    Synonym: kärsiä
  3. to eke out a meager existence.
    Synonym: kituuttaa

Conjugation

Inflection of kitua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kidun en kidu 1st sing. olen kitunut en ole kitunut
2nd sing. kidut et kidu 2nd sing. olet kitunut et ole kitunut
3rd sing. kituu ei kidu 3rd sing. on kitunut ei ole kitunut
1st plur. kidumme emme kidu 1st plur. olemme kituneet emme ole kituneet
2nd plur. kidutte ette kidu 2nd plur. olette kituneet ette ole kituneet
3rd plur. kituvat eivät kidu 3rd plur. ovat kituneet eivät ole kituneet
passive kidutaan ei kiduta passive on kiduttu ei ole kiduttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kiduin en kitunut 1st sing. olin kitunut en ollut kitunut
2nd sing. kiduit et kitunut 2nd sing. olit kitunut et ollut kitunut
3rd sing. kitui ei kitunut 3rd sing. oli kitunut ei ollut kitunut
1st plur. kiduimme emme kituneet 1st plur. olimme kituneet emme olleet kituneet
2nd plur. kiduitte ette kituneet 2nd plur. olitte kituneet ette olleet kituneet
3rd plur. kituivat eivät kituneet 3rd plur. olivat kituneet eivät olleet kituneet
passive kiduttiin ei kiduttu passive oli kiduttu ei ollut kiduttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kituisin en kituisi 1st sing. olisin kitunut en olisi kitunut
2nd sing. kituisit et kituisi 2nd sing. olisit kitunut et olisi kitunut
3rd sing. kituisi ei kituisi 3rd sing. olisi kitunut ei olisi kitunut
1st plur. kituisimme emme kituisi 1st plur. olisimme kituneet emme olisi kituneet
2nd plur. kituisitte ette kituisi 2nd plur. olisitte kituneet ette olisi kituneet
3rd plur. kituisivat eivät kituisi 3rd plur. olisivat kituneet eivät olisi kituneet
passive kiduttaisiin ei kiduttaisi passive olisi kiduttu ei olisi kiduttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. kidu älä kidu 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. kitukoon älköön kituko 3rd sing. olkoon kitunut älköön olko kitunut
1st plur. kitukaamme älkäämme kituko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. kitukaa älkää kituko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. kitukoot älkööt kituko 3rd plur. olkoot kituneet älkööt olko kituneet
passive kiduttakoon älköön kiduttako passive olkoon kiduttu älköön olko kiduttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kitunen en kitune 1st sing. lienen kitunut en liene kitunut
2nd sing. kitunet et kitune 2nd sing. lienet kitunut et liene kitunut
3rd sing. kitunee ei kitune 3rd sing. lienee kitunut ei liene kitunut
1st plur. kitunemme emme kitune 1st plur. lienemme kituneet emme liene kituneet
2nd plur. kitunette ette kitune 2nd plur. lienette kituneet ette liene kituneet
3rd plur. kitunevat eivät kitune 3rd plur. lienevät kituneet eivät liene kituneet
passive kiduttaneen ei kiduttane passive lienee kiduttu ei liene kiduttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st kitua present kituva kiduttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kituakseni kituaksemme
2nd kituaksesi kituaksenne
3rd kituakseen
kituaksensa
past kitunut kiduttu
2nd inessive2 kituessa kiduttaessa agent4 kituma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kituessani kituessamme
2nd kituessasi kituessanne
3rd kituessaan
kituessansa
negative kitumaton
instructive kituen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive kitumassa —
elative kitumasta —
illative kitumaan —
adessive kitumalla —
abessive kitumatta —
instructive kituman kiduttaman
4th3 verbal noun kituminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kitumaisillani kitumaisillamme
2nd kitumaisillasi kitumaisillanne
3rd kitumaisillaan
kitumaisillansa

Derived terms

adjectives
verbs
compounds

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