ko

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ko" and کوه

Translingual

Symbol

ko

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Korean.

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 劫 (kō).

Pronunciation

Noun

ko (plural ko)

  1. (go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.
    Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.
  2. (go) ko fight
    Black wins the ko easily.
  3. (go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone
    Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

Derived terms

Translations

Translations

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

Pronoun

kó

  1. thee, you
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎, Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
      Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
      Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

Usage notes

  • The form kóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ko”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aiwoo

Verb

ko

  1. to lie down

References

Bambara

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

ko

  1. to say

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

ko

  1. to wash

References

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ko/

Pronoun

ko

  1. by me
    Sinalo ko an bola. ― The ball was caught by me.
  2. of me
    An harong ko. ― My house.
  3. me
    Sa taas ko. ― Above me.

Boko

Etymology

Cognate with Bokobaru koo

Pronunciation

Noun

ko

  1. chicken

Derived terms

Buginese

Pronoun

ko

  1. (Sinjai) you, your, yours (casual)

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse *kōʀ (east), kýr (west), from Proto-Germanic *kūz, cognate with Swedish ko, English cow, German Kuh. The word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”), which is also the source of Latin bōs, Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गौः (gáuḥ).

Pronunciation

Noun

ko c (singular definite koen, plural indefinite køer)

  1. cow

Declension

Declension of ko
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ko koen køer køerne
genitive kos koens køers køernes

References

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun

ko (accusative singular ko-on, plural ko-oj, accusative plural ko-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K.

See also

Ewe

Verb

ko

  1. to laugh

Finnish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Related to kuka, kun, kuin.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ko (dialectal)

  1. Alternative form of kun.
  2. Alternative form of kuin.
  3. Synonym of koska.

Usage notes

In some dialects, ko has become unstressed, subjecting it to vowel harmony and leading to the form kö after front-vowelic words.

French

Pronunciation

Noun

ko m (plural ko)

  1. Abbreviation of kilooctet (kilobyte)

Fula

Suffix

ko

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular)

Usage notes

Article

ko

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    ñayko ko ― the thatch

Usage notes

Determiner

ko

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ko ñayko ― this/that thatch

Usage notes

Guanano

Noun

ko

  1. water
  2. medicine
  3. relative, fellow Kotiria

References

  • Kristine Stenzel, A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

Guaraní

Determiner

ko

  1. this

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Preposition

ko

  1. of, belonging to first part of possessive constructions, o-type
    ko mākou hale ― our house
    ko ke kumu kaʻa ― the teacher's car

See also

Hawaiian possessive pronouns
The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.
singular dual plural
1st person koʻu, kaʻu
kuʻu (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko māua, kā māua (exclusive)
ko kāua, kā kāua (inclusive) 		ko mākou, kā mākou (exclusive)
ko kākou, kā kākou (inclusive)
2nd person kou, kāu
kō (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko ʻolua, kā ʻolua ko ʻoukou, kā ʻoukou
3rd person kona, kāna ko lāua, kā lāua ko lākou, kā lākou

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 高 (“tall; high; of high level; above average; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 高).
For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 膏 (“fat; grease; oil; fatty; oily; rich; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 膏).

Indonesian

Pronoun

ko

  1. (Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

Synonyms

Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

  • anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • coen (slang, East Java)
  • ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • kamu (intimate)
  • ko, kowe (informal, Java)
  • kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
  • lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Ingrian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ko

  1. Alternative form of ku
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking own way]”, in Inkeri‎, volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Se oli ko hää ei mahtant vennäheks läätä.
      That was how she couldn't speak Russian.

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 178

Japanese

Romanization

ko

  1. Rōmaji transcription of こ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of コ

Kalasha

Adverb

ko

  1. why

Interjection

ko

  1. why

Noun

ko

  1. why

Kamta

Etymology

From Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Assamese ক (ko), Sylheti ꠇꠅꠀ (xooa), Bengali কওয়া (koōẇa), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا (kahnā).

Verb

ko

  1. say
  2. tell
    Oĩ mök koisil. ― He told me
  3. speak
    kotha ko ― speak

Conjugation

impersonal forms of ko
Stem ko
Gerund koöa
Conjugative koia
Infinitive koibar
Agentive koure
Converb koite
Progressive participle koite koite
Reason koöat
Conditional participle koile
Perfect participle koia
Habitual participle koia koia
Conjugation forms of ko
Person First person Second person Third person
informal formal informal formal
singular plural singular plural singular plural
muĩ amra tuĩ tömra oĩ umra
Present
Imperfective koṅ koi koiṣ kon koe
Continuous koia asoṅ koia asi koia asiṣ koia asen koia ase
Perfective koisoṅ koisi kosiṣ koisen koise
Past
Recent koluṅ koiloṅ kolu koilen koil ~ koilek
Distant & Habitual kosiluṅ koisiloṅ kosilu koisilen koisil ~ koisilek
Continuous koia asluṅ koia aisloṅ koia aslu koi aislen koia asil ~ koia aislek
Future
Indicative koim komö kobu koiben koibe
Continuous koia thakim koia thakmö koia thakpu koia thaikpen koia thaikpe
Others
Imperative — ko kon kouk

Karelian

Particle

ko

  1. like, as

Kirikiri

Noun

ko

  1. woman

Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Latvian

Pronoun

ko (interrogative)

  1. accusative of kas: what, who
    ko tu gribi apskatīt? ― what would you like to see?

ko (relative)

  1. accusative of kas: that
    teksts, ko tu lasi ― the text that you're reading
  2. accusative of kas: what, who
    tas ir tas, ko es domāju ― that is what I mean
  3. accusative of kas: which

Interjection

ko

  1. sorry?
  2. pardon?
  3. what?

Lithuanian

Pronoun

ko

  1. genitive of kas
    Ko tu nori? ― What do you want?

Usage notes

The word ko is the non-possessive genitive.

For the possessive genitive ("whose?") of kas, see kieno.

Further reading

  • “ko”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, pages 186, 193

Maaka

Noun

ko

  1. head

References

Maori

Particle

ko

  1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative

Mapudungun

Noun

ko (Raguileo spelling)

  1. water

References

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
  • Estudios de lengua y cultura amerindias II (1998) (spells it có)

Norman

Alternative forms

  • co (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy)

Etymology

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun

ko m (plural kos)

  1. (Sark, anatomy) neck

Nyishi

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *koː.

Noun

ko

  1. child
  2. son

References

  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎, Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ko

  1. you

Alternative forms

References

  • "ko" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Norse

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ko ?

  1. (East dialect) cow

See also

References

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Pronoun

ko

  1. masculine nominative singular of ka

Rapa Nui

Interjection

ko

  1. exclamation suggesting a personal reaction

Usage notes

For non-personal judgment, consider using ka.

Particle

ko

  1. particle prefixed to names as a determinative

Rawa

Adverb

ko

  1. again

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷid, (compare *kʷis).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Pronoun

kȍ (Cyrillic spelling ко̏)

  1. (Bosnia, Serbia, interrogatively) who
    ko si ti? ― who are you?
  2. (Bosnia, Serbia, relative and indefinite pronoun)
    bilo ko ― anybody, anyone
    malo ko ― very few people
    onaj ko ― he who, whoever
Declension
Declension of ko
singular/plural
nominative tkȍ, kȍ
genitive kȍg, kòga
dative kȍm, kòmu, kòme
accusative kȍg, kòga
vocative —
locative kòm, kòme
instrumental kȋm, kíme
Synonyms
  • kdo (Kajkavian)
  • gdo (Kajkavian)

Etymology 2

From kȁo.

Contraction

ko (Cyrillic spelling ко)

  1. contraction of kȁo
Related terms

References

  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “ko” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian ako.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ko

  1. when (at the time that)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

ko

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of kot

Swahili

Pronunciation

Verb

-ko

  1. present stem of -wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
    yuko ― he/she is (there)

See also

  • -ko: verbal affix
  • -wapo (“to be (at a definite place)”)
  • -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
ko med kalv

Etymology

From Old Norse ko, from East Old Norse ko, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Old West Norse kýr and English cow.

Pronunciation

Noun

ko c

  1. cow; female cattle
    Många kor bor i stall under vinterhalvåret.
    Many cows live in stables during the winter.
  2. a female member of a number of other species, such as elk
    Jag såg en älgko och hennes kalv när jag var i skogen.
    I saw an elk cow and her calf when I was in the forest.

Declension

Declension of ko 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ko kon kor korna
Genitive kos kons kors kornas

Related terms

See also

References

Anagrams

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ku, from Proto-Austronesian *-ku.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ko (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓ)

  1. my; mine (postpositive)
    ang bahay ko ― my house
    sa taas ko ― above me (literally, “my above”)
  2. I; me (indirect)
    Ang bola ay sinalo ko.
    I caught the ball.
    (literally, “The ball was caught by me.”)

See also

Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual* kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita**
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used.
** Replaces "ko ikaw".

Further reading

  • “ko” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
  • “ko”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*-ku”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian کار (kâr).

Noun

ko

  1. work

Taworta

Noun

ko

  1. egg

Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Tocharian B keu, English cow.

Noun

ko

  1. cow

Tokelauan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ko. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻo and Samoan ʻo.

Pronunciation

Particle

ko

  1. Marks an equational sentence.
  2. Marks the topic of the sentence.
    • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎, page 1:
      Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
      We, the people of Tokelau, say openly
  3. Marks the succeeding noun as in apposition of the preceding noun.
  4. Placed after the conjunctions pe or ka.

References

  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 163

Tuvaluan

Particle

ko

  1. present perfect tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Adverb

ko

  1. (informal) Abbreviation of không.

Anagrams

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish con (“with”).

Preposition

ko

  1. with

Votic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Akin to Ingrian ko.

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈko/,
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: ko

Adverb

ko

  1. when (at what time; in the case that)
  2. than (in comparisons)
  3. as, because

Adverb

ko

  1. how (in what way)

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian kū, from Proto-West Germanic *kū, from Proto-Germanic *kūz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Pronunciation

Noun

ko c (plural kij, diminutive koke)

  1. cow

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “ko”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian

Pronunciation

Verb

ko

  1. (transitive) to carry on one's back

Conjugation

Conjugation of ko (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person toko moko ako
2nd person noko foko
3rd person inanimate iko doko
animate
imperative noko, ko foko, ko

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

White Hmong

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Borrowed from some other language? Possible candidates include Chinese 莖／茎 (jīng, “stem, stalk”). Or native Hmongic?”

Noun

ko (classifier: tus)

  1. a handle (of any hand tool or implement, etc.)
    ko taus ― axe handle
  2. used in ko taw (“foot”) and ko tw (“tail”)

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to Chinese 乎 (hū, “in, on; (archaic) sentence-final particle”)?”

Particle

ko

  1. a final completive particle
    Koj hais li ko... ― Speaking as you do...
    Txhob ua li ko. ― Don't do that.

References

  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 85.

Wolof

Pronoun

ko

  1. him/her/it (third-person singular object pronoun)

See also

Wolof personal pronouns
singular subject plural subject singular object plural object
1st person man nun ma nu
2nd person yow yeen la leen
3rd person moom ñoom ko leen

Xhosa

Pronoun

-ko

  1. Combining stem of kona.

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

  • ò (frequently used after personal pronouns)

Pronunciation

Particle

kò

  1. not (placed before a verb to negate it)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /kō/

Conjunction

ko

  1. (Ekiti) that

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

kó

  1. to pack
    Ẹ bá mi kó ẹrù yìí sẹ́yìn ọkọ̀ ― Help me pack this load into the boot
  2. to collect
  3. to capture
    Wọ́n kó wọn lẹ́rú ― They captured them as slaves
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

kò

  1. to touch
  2. to meet
Derived terms

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *káwfš.

Pronunciation

Noun

ko m

  1. (geography) mountain
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia