kosha

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English

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोश (kóśa, sheath, vessel, container, layer).

Noun

kosha (plural koshas)

  1. (philosophy) Any of five sheaths that are thought to cover the Atman, or True Self, according to Vedantic philosophy.
  2. A particular type of Sanskrit dictionary.
    • 2006, Encyclopedia of language and linguistics 2ed, Elsevier, page 614:
      The koshas, which are not based on any specific text, have some unusal properties. They are written in verse and include nouns and indeclinables but not verbs. The words are arranged according to topics. They deal with synonyms and homonyms and were meant for the use of poets. The best-known kosha in Sanskrit is the lexicon prepared by a Buddhist scholar Amarasinha, who was also a poet. This dictionary is usually known as Amarakosha (‘Amara's dictionary’) rather than by its actual name, Namalinganushasana.

Anagrams

Swahili

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Somehow related to -osha?”)

Verb

-kosha (infinitive kukosha)

  1. to wash
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
      [] msalani ambako kulikuwa ni faragha ya mambo yote yanayohusu kujikosha, kujisafisha, kujinadhifisha, kujitoharisha na kusali.
      the bathroom, where there was privacy for all things related to washing oneself, cleaning oneself, tidying oneself, purifying oneself, and praying.
  2. to cleanse, to absolve

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosha
Positive present -nakosha
Subjunctive -koshe
Negative -koshi
Imperative singular kosha
Infinitives
Positive kukosha
Negative kutokosha
Imperatives
Singular kosha
Plural kosheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukosha
Positive past positive subject concord + -likosha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakosha/nakosha tunakosha
2nd person unakosha mnakosha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosha wanakosha
other classes positive subject concord + -nakosha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -koshi)
Singular Plural
1st person sikoshi hatukoshi
2nd person hukoshi hamkoshi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakoshi hawakoshi
other classes negative subject concord + -koshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takosha
Negative future negative subject concord + -takosha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -koshe)
Singular Plural
1st person nikoshe tukoshe
2nd person ukoshe mkoshe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akoshe wakoshe
other classes positive subject concord + -koshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikoshe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosha)
Singular Plural
1st person nakosha twakosha
2nd person wakosha mwakosha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosha wakosha
m-mi(III/IV) wakosha yakosha
ji-ma(V/VI) lakosha yakosha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosha vyakosha
n(IX/X) yakosha zakosha
u(XI) wakosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakosha
pa(XVI) pakosha
mu(XVIII) mwakosha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosha
Consecutive kakosha / positive subject concord + -kakosha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakoshe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikosha -tukosha
2nd person -kukosha -wakosha/-kukosheni/-wakosheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkosha -wakosha
m-mi(III/IV) -ukosha -ikosha
ji-ma(V/VI) -likosha -yakosha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikosha -vikosha
n(IX/X) -ikosha -zikosha
u(XI) -ukosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukosha
pa(XVI) -pakosha
mu(XVIII) -mukosha
Reflexive -jikosha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -koshaye -koshao
m-mi(III/IV) -koshao -koshayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -koshalo -koshayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -koshacho -koshavyo
n(IX/X) -koshayo -koshazo
u(XI) -koshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshako
pa(XVI) -koshapo
mu(XVIII) -koshamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekosha -okosha
m-mi(III/IV) -okosha -yokosha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosha -yokosha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosha -vyokosha
n(IX/X) -yokosha -zokosha
u(XI) -okosha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokosha
pa(XVI) -pokosha
mu(XVIII) -mokosha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.