kost

Cornish

Noun

kost m (plural kostys or kostow)

1. cost, charge, expense

Derived terms

• heb kost (“free of charge”)
• kostow arghantti (“bank charges”)
• kostow mentons (“maintenance charges”)
• kusulyades kost (“(female) quantity surveyor”)
• kusulyas kost (“(male) quantity surveyor”)

Noun

kost m (plural kostys)

1. coast, district, region

Mutation

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

kost

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -ost

Noun

kost f

1. bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
2. (colloquial) girl, woman

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• kost in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• kost in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• kost in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has articles on:

kost and Kost (redskab)

Wikipedia ^daWikipedia ^da

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)

1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
2. diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
3. board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

Etymology 2

From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (“tassel”), and Dutch kwast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)

1. broom, besom
2. brush

Inflection

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/
• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -ɔst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Noun

kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)

1. cost, price
2. (in the plural) expenses
3. (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
4. food, nourishment

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kos (“food”)
• Negerhollands: kost
• → Indonesian: kos (“lodgings”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

kost

1. inflection of kosten:
   1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Anagrams

• kots
• stok

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoːst/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

kost

1. inflection of kosen:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person plural present subjunctive
   3. plural imperative

Hungarian

Etymology

kos +‎ -t

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -oʃt

Noun

kost

1. accusative singular of kos

Icelandic

Noun

kost

1. indefinite accusative singular of kostur

Latvian

Etymology

From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• (file)

Verb

kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)

1. to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)

   kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread

   kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth

   kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth

   desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other

   Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer

   smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut

2. to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)

   kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple

   Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite

3. to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)

   Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it

   kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth

4. (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite

   viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning

5. to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)

   čūska kož ― the snake bites

   svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite

   vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep

   kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)

   odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite

   mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy

   visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh

6. (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain

   vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)

7. (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort

   visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all

8. (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)

   salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers

   saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass

9. (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly

   rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it

   laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword

10. to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)

    sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue

    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat

    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes

    laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp

    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles

    rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin

11. (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)

    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes

    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes

12. (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well

    zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well

    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)

13. to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)

    kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip

    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white

14. to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)

    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

Conjugation

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• kodiens
• kodīgs
• kodināt
• kodums
• kosties

Related terms

• kodīt
• košļāt

References

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.

Noun

kost f

1. dish (specific type of food)

References

• “kost” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)

1. a broom or brush

Derived terms

• barberkost
• sminkekost

Related terms

• koste

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr.

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

Derived terms

• kostfiber
• kosthold
• kosttilskudd

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• (of kose) kosa, koset

Verb

kost

1. past participle of kose
2. imperative of koste

References

• “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʊst/

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)

1. a broom or brush

Derived terms

• barberkost
• sminkekost

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuːst/

Participle

kost

1. past participle of kosa

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

Verb

kost

1. imperative of kosta

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʊst/

Verb

kost

1. imperative of kosta

References

• “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈkost/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈkost/

Noun

kost f

1. bone

Declension

Descendants

• Czech: kost

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kost”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:

kost

Wikipedia ^sh

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Noun

kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)

1. bone

Declension

Derived terms

• ključna kost

References

• Pero Budmani, editor (1898-1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kost.

Noun

kost m

1. bone

Declension

References

• Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:

kost

Wikipedia ^sl

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóːst/

Noun

kọ̑st f

1. bone

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Further reading

• “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔst

Noun

kost c

1. diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally.)

   kost och logi

   food and accommodation

Declension

See also

• diet (“diet, controlled food regime”)
• livsmedel (“foodstuff”)
• mat (“food”)

Further reading

• kost in Svensk ordbok.
• kost in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)

Anagrams

• toks