kostua

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Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kostudak, reflexive derivative kostaa +‎ -ua, originally meaning "to return" (intr.). The modern meaning is a result of contamination by the unrelated word kastua (to get wet), seemingly via an intermediate meaning "to return to usable condition by moistening" said of e.g. leather or wooden tools or dry bread.

Pronunciation

Verb

kostua

  1. to get moist, to get damp
  2. to water (of the eyes, to fill with tears due to irritation, pain etc.)
  3. (chiefly in the negative) to benefit from , of e.g. a plot
  4. (vulgar) to get wet (of a woman, to become sexually aroused)

Conjugation

Inflection of kostua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kostun en kostu 1st sing. olen kostunut en ole kostunut
2nd sing. kostut et kostu 2nd sing. olet kostunut et ole kostunut
3rd sing. kostuu ei kostu 3rd sing. on kostunut ei ole kostunut
1st plur. kostumme emme kostu 1st plur. olemme kostuneet emme ole kostuneet
2nd plur. kostutte ette kostu 2nd plur. olette kostuneet ette ole kostuneet
3rd plur. kostuvat eivät kostu 3rd plur. ovat kostuneet eivät ole kostuneet
passive kostutaan ei kostuta passive on kostuttu ei ole kostuttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kostuin en kostunut 1st sing. olin kostunut en ollut kostunut
2nd sing. kostuit et kostunut 2nd sing. olit kostunut et ollut kostunut
3rd sing. kostui ei kostunut 3rd sing. oli kostunut ei ollut kostunut
1st plur. kostuimme emme kostuneet 1st plur. olimme kostuneet emme olleet kostuneet
2nd plur. kostuitte ette kostuneet 2nd plur. olitte kostuneet ette olleet kostuneet
3rd plur. kostuivat eivät kostuneet 3rd plur. olivat kostuneet eivät olleet kostuneet
passive kostuttiin ei kostuttu passive oli kostuttu ei ollut kostuttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kostuisin en kostuisi 1st sing. olisin kostunut en olisi kostunut
2nd sing. kostuisit et kostuisi 2nd sing. olisit kostunut et olisi kostunut
3rd sing. kostuisi ei kostuisi 3rd sing. olisi kostunut ei olisi kostunut
1st plur. kostuisimme emme kostuisi 1st plur. olisimme kostuneet emme olisi kostuneet
2nd plur. kostuisitte ette kostuisi 2nd plur. olisitte kostuneet ette olisi kostuneet
3rd plur. kostuisivat eivät kostuisi 3rd plur. olisivat kostuneet eivät olisi kostuneet
passive kostuttaisiin ei kostuttaisi passive olisi kostuttu ei olisi kostuttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. kostu älä kostu 2nd sing.
3rd sing. kostukoon älköön kostuko 3rd sing. olkoon kostunut älköön olko kostunut
1st plur. kostukaamme älkäämme kostuko 1st plur.
2nd plur. kostukaa älkää kostuko 2nd plur.
3rd plur. kostukoot älkööt kostuko 3rd plur. olkoot kostuneet älkööt olko kostuneet
passive kostuttakoon älköön kostuttako passive olkoon kostuttu älköön olko kostuttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. kostunen en kostune 1st sing. lienen kostunut en liene kostunut
2nd sing. kostunet et kostune 2nd sing. lienet kostunut et liene kostunut
3rd sing. kostunee ei kostune 3rd sing. lienee kostunut ei liene kostunut
1st plur. kostunemme emme kostune 1st plur. lienemme kostuneet emme liene kostuneet
2nd plur. kostunette ette kostune 2nd plur. lienette kostuneet ette liene kostuneet
3rd plur. kostunevat eivät kostune 3rd plur. lienevät kostuneet eivät liene kostuneet
passive kostuttaneen ei kostuttane passive lienee kostuttu ei liene kostuttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st kostua present kostuva kostuttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kostuakseni kostuaksemme
2nd kostuaksesi kostuaksenne
3rd kostuakseen
kostuaksensa
past kostunut kostuttu
2nd inessive2 kostuessa kostuttaessa agent4 kostuma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kostuessani kostuessamme
2nd kostuessasi kostuessanne
3rd kostuessaan
kostuessansa
negative kostumaton
instructive kostuen
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive kostumassa
elative kostumasta
illative kostumaan
adessive kostumalla
abessive kostumatta
instructive kostuman kostuttaman
4th3 verbal noun kostuminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st kostumaisillani kostumaisillamme
2nd kostumaisillasi kostumaisillanne
3rd kostumaisillaan
kostumaisillansa

Derived terms

Further reading

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