kovain

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Ingrian

Etymology

From kova (hard) +‎ -in.

Pronunciation

Noun

kovain

  1. crust (of bread)
    • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 10:
      Noistii joka päivä viskoima lavvan päälle muruja, kovasija ja jyvijä.
      They began to throw crumbs, crusts and grain onto the board every day.
    • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 33:
      Hää proovais herneitä — ei oo makuisa, proovais kovasia — alkoi syyvvä.
      He tasted the peas - not tasty, tasted the crusts - started eating.

Declension

Declension of kovain (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative kovain kovaiset
genitive kovaisen kovaisiin
partitive kovaista, kovaist kovaisia
illative kovaisee kovaisii
inessive kovaisees kovaisiis
elative kovaisest kovaisist
allative kovaiselle kovaisille
adessive kovaiseel kovaisiil
ablative kovaiselt kovaisilt
translative kovaiseks kovaisiks
essive kovaisenna, kovaiseen kovaisinna, kovaisiin
exessive1) kovaisent kovaisint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 200