krūms

Latvian

 krūms on Latvian Wikipedia

Etymology

Probably by metathesis from *kurms (with ur̄ > rū, yielding a long vowel), from Proto-Baltic *kurmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-mo-s, from the zero grade *kr̥- of *ker-, *sker- (“to turn, to bend”) (whence also Latvian cers, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably: “to turn, to bend” > “(object) bent, twisted (into a circle)” > “lumps, clumps, clusters” > “plant resembling/forming lumps, clumps, clusters; bush, shrub.” Cognates include Lithuanian krū́mas, Old Prussian kirno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

krūms m (1st declension)

1. bush, shrub (perennial plant with several wooden stems but without a main stem or trunk)

   lazdu, ceriņu, rožu krūms ― hazel, lilac, rose bush

   ērkšķu krūms ― thorn bush

   krūmu audze ― bush grove

   krūmu puduris ― bush clump

   aronija ir vidēja lieluma daudzgadīgs krūms ar spīdīgām, eliptiskām lapām, baltiem ziediem ― aronia is a perennial bush of average size with glossy elliptical leaves (and) white flowers

   amerikāņu krūmu asterēm ir lieli ziedi ar stingriem kātiem ― the American aster bushes have large flowers with strong stems

2. (usually plural) bush grove, bush clump; shrubbery (a place where bushes, shrubs grow)

   iziet cauri krūmiem ― to pass through the bushes

   krūmu vista ― dwarf chicken (bird from India, similar to a chicken; lit. bush chicken)

   krūmos uzkalnītē kāds pamanīja 45 milimetru lielgabalu ― in the bushes on the hilltop someone noticed a 45-milimiter cannon

Declension

Synonyms

• cers

Derived terms

• krūmājs

References