kula

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "kula"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun

kula (plural kulas)

  1. A tower, turret or steeple on the Balkans erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
    • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, page 107:
      Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.
    • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće, The Bosniak‎, page 5:
      The most important kulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.
    • 1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, page 111:
      The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2

Noun

kula (uncountable)

  1. A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority.

Anagrams

Balinese

Romanization

kula

  1. Romanization of ᬓᬸᬮ

Cebuano

Noun

kula

  1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Verb

kula

  1. to glue; to join or attach something using glue

Czech

Pronunciation

Participle

kula

  1. inflection of kout:
    1. feminine singular past active participle
    2. neuter plural past active participle

Hawaiian

Noun

kula

  1. field, open area
    kula mauʻu
    meadow, field of grass
  2. school

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Noun

kula (plural kulák)

  1. (slang) shit

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative kula kulák
accusative kulát kulákat
dative kulának kuláknak
instrumental kulával kulákkal
causal-final kuláért kulákért
translative kulává kulákká
terminative kuláig kulákig
essive-formal kulaként kulákként
essive-modal — —
inessive kulában kulákban
superessive kulán kulákon
adessive kulánál kuláknál
illative kulába kulákba
sublative kulára kulákra
allative kulához kulákhoz
elative kulából kulákból
delative kuláról kulákról
ablative kulától kuláktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		kuláé kuláké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		kuláéi kulákéi
Possessive forms of kula
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. kulám kuláim
2nd person sing. kulád kuláid
3rd person sing. kulája kulái
1st person plural kulánk kuláink
2nd person plural kulátok kuláitok
3rd person plural kulájuk kuláik

Javanese

Romanization

kula

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦸꦭ.

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic کُله

Etymology

Ultimately from Persian کل (kol).

Pronunciation

Adjective

kula (comparative kulatar)

  1. short, small

References

Lindu

Noun

kula

  1. ginger

Malay

Etymology

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦭ (kula).

Pronunciation

Noun

kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural kula-kula, informal 1st possessive kulaku, 2nd possessive kulamu, 3rd possessive kulanya)

  1. (Java) slave

Pronoun

kula (Jawi spelling کولا)

  1. (Java, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)

Synonyms

Further reading

Ngarrindjeri

Noun

kula

  1. male she oak tree.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

kula f

  1. definite feminine singular of kule

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

kula f

  1. definite singular of kule

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

Pronunciation

Noun

kula

  1. family
  2. descent, origin

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula)
    • → Malay: kula
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬸᬮ (kula)

Noun

kula

  1. wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen

Derived terms

References

  • "kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कुल (kula).

Noun

kula n

  1. clan, caste, family

Declension

Declension table of "kula" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kulaṃkulāni or kulā
Accusative (second)kulaṃkulāni or kule
Instrumental (third)kulenakulehi or kulebhi
Dative (fourth)kulassa or kulāya or kulatthaṃkulānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kulasmā or kulamhā or kulākulehi or kulebhi
Genitive (sixth)kulassakulānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kulasmiṃ or kulamhi or kulekulesu
Vocative (calling)kulakulāni or kulā

Descendants

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kula”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈku.la/
  • Audio 1(file)
  • Audio 2(file)
  • Rhymes: -ula
  • Syllabification: ku‧la
  • Homophone: Kula

Noun

kula f (diminutive kulka)

  1. ball (spherical object)
    kula śnieżna ― snowball
  2. (mathematics, geometry, topology) ball
  3. bullet
  4. crutch
    chodzić o kulach ― to walk on crutches
  5. (sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)
    pchnięcie kulą ― shot put

Declension

Declension of kula
singular plural
nominative kula kule
genitive kuli kul/kuli
dative kuli kulom
accusative kulę kule
instrumental kulą kulami
locative kuli kulach
vocative kulo kule

Descendants

See also

References

  1. ^ https://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/kula-I;5444783.html
  2. ^ https://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/kula-II;5444784.html

Further reading

  • kula in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • kula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Anagrams

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قله (kulle) (Turkish kule), from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kǔːla/
  • Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun

kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ку́ла)

  1. tower
    Synonym: toranj
  2. turret
  3. steeple
  4. castle
  5. (chess) rook

Declension

Declension of kula
singular plural
nominative kúla kule
genitive kule kula
dative kuli kulama
accusative kulu kule
vocative kulo kule
locative kuli kulama
instrumental kulom kulama

See also

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
kralj
краљ 		dama, kraljica
дама, краљица 		top, kula
топ, кула 		lovac, trkač, laufer
ловац, тркач, лауфер 		skakač, konj
скакач, коњ 		pješak, pešak, pion, pijun
пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун

Sidamo

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkula/
  • Hyphenation: ku‧la

Verb

kula

  1. (transitive) to tell

References

  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30
  • Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

Sotho

Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb

kula

  1. to be sick/ill

Swahili

Pronunciation

Verb

kula (verbal noun of the ku class)

  1. infinitive of -la

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”) and German Kugel (“ball, sphere, bullet”).

Pronunciation

Noun

kula c

  1. a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; marble: spela kula; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere; testicle, often in the compound pungkula
  2. a bullet
    En kula träffade honom rakt i tinningen.
    A bullet hit him right in the temple.
  3. a den (inhabited cavern or hollow)
    lejonkula
    lion's den
    rövarkula
    den of robbers
  4. (slang, chiefly in the plural) money
    Jag har tjänat massa kulor med den här bilen.
    I've made tons of cash with this car.
  5. (heraldry) roundel
  6. (athletics) shot put (athletics event)
    Synonym: kulstötning

Declension

Declension of kula 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative kula kulan kulor kulorna
Genitive kulas kulans kulors kulornas

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Tabaru

Pronunciation

Verb

kula

  1. (ditransitive) to give

References

  • Edward A. Kotynski (1988) “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Possibly from Spanish colar (“to sift; to strain”).

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ku‧la
  • IPA(key): /kuˈla/,

Noun

kulá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ)

  1. bleaching of clothes under the sun (usually with blueing)
    Synonym: pagkukula
  2. clothes being bleached under the sun
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ku‧la
  • IPA(key): /ˈkula/,

Noun

kula (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ) (botany)

  1. Geodorum densiflorum (terrestrial orchid)

Further reading

  • “kula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʊˈla/
  • Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun

kula

  1. accusative singular of kul

Zacatepec Chatino

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

kula

  1. old

Etymology 2

From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella.

Noun

kula

  1. fish

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kula

  1. star
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