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In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je follows the verb: je kunt > kun je. The verbs kunnen and zullen are unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The form kan je is in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.
The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.
Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]
There's a certain man here who'd like to see the leader.
Kuka se on, kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on, ken huutaa?]
Who is that who is shouting?
Further reading
“kun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48) (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115
Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51