kutsuma
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Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kuccudak.
Pronunciation
Verb
kutsuma (da-infinitive kutsuda)
- to invite (ask for the presence or participation of)
- to call (request, summon, or beckon)
- to call (name or refer to)
Conjugation
Conjugation of kutsuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kutsun | ei kutsu | 1st sing. | olen kutsunud | ei ole kutsunud pole kutsunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kutsud | 2nd sing. | oled kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kutsub | 3rd sing. | on kutsunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kutsume | 1st plur. | oleme kutsunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kutsute | 2nd plur. | olete kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kutsuvad | 3rd plur. | on kutsunud | ||||||
| passive | kutsutakse | ei kutsuta | passive | on kutsutud | ei ole kutsutud pole kutsutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kutsusin | ei kutsunud | 1st sing. | olin kutsunud | ei olnud kutsunud polnud kutsunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kutsusid | 2nd sing. | olid kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kutsus | 3rd sing. | oli kutsunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kutsusime | 1st plur. | olime kutsunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kutsusite | 2nd plur. | olite kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kutsusid | 3rd plur. | oli kutsunud | ||||||
| passive | kutsuti | ei kutsutud | passive | oli kutsutud | ei olnud kutsutud polnud kutsutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kutsuksin | ei kutsuks | 1st sing. | kutsunuksin oleksin kutsunud |
ei kutsunuks ei oleks kutsunud poleks kutsunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kutsuksid | 2nd sing. | kutsunuksid oleksid kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kutsuks | 3rd sing. | kutsunuks oleks kutsunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kutsuksime | 1st plur. | kutsunuksime oleksime kutsunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kutsuksite | 2nd plur. | kutsunuksite oleksite kutsunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kutsuksid | 3rd plur. | kutsunuksid oleksid kutsunud | ||||||
| passive | kutsutaks | ei kutsutaks | passive | oleks kutsutud | ei oleks kutsutud poleks kutsutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kutsu | ära kutsu | 2nd sing. | ole kutsunud | ära ole kutsunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | kutsugu | ärgu kutsugu | 3rd sing. | olgu kutsunud | ärgu olgu kutsunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | kutsugem | ärme kutsume ärme kutsu ärgem kutsugem |
1st plur. | olgem kutsunud | ärme oleme kutsunud ärme ole kutsunud ärgem olgem kutsunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | kutsuge | ärge kutsuge | 2nd plur. | olge kutsunud | ärge olge kutsunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | kutsugu | ärgu kutsugu | 3rd plur. | olgu kutsunud | ärgu olgu kutsunud | ||||
| passive | kutsutagu | ärgu kutsutagu | passive | olgu kutsutud | ärgu olgu kutsutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | kutsuvat | ei kutsuvat | active | olevat kutsunud | ei olevat kutsunud polevat kutsunud | ||||
| passive | kutsutavat | ei kutsutavat | passive | olevat kutsutud | ei olevat kutsutud polevat kutsutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | kutsuma | kutsutama | nominative | kutsuda | olla kutsunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | kutsudes | olles kutsunud | |||||
| inessive | kutsumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | kutsumast | present | kutsuv | kutsutav | |||||
| translative | kutsumaks | past | kutsunud | kutsutud | |||||
| abessive | kutsumata | negative | kutsumatu | — | |||||
Further reading
- “kutsuma”, in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “kutsuma”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “kutsuma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- kutsuma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)